Skipping Childhood Vaccination Is Not Neglect Essay

Skipping Childhood Vaccination Is Not Neglect According to The Guardian, everyday approximately 11,000 babies are born in the United States of America. From the time they are born, they are required to be immunized. In the first few hours of life, these newborns receive the Hepatitis B vaccine. There are parents however who are skeptical about the potential side effects of all the vaccines. They think that immunizations are going to harm their children by causing them to develop neurological deficits. Unfortunately, schools are putting pressure on the parents by creating mandatory vaccination requirements as part of the admission process. Although childhood vaccinations have proven to significantly decrease mortality rates, the parents†¦show more content†¦Wynia, in his journal from the American Medical Association presented interesting statistical data about the benefits of childhood vaccinations. In this article he points out three years before initiating mandatory childhood vaccinations the number of reported death cases for Small Pox was 48,164, Diphtheria 175,885 and Measles 503,282. After starting the vaccination process the reported death cases for Small Pox was zero, Diphtheria was four and Measles was eighty one. Reading about the consequences of vaccinations in the literature made me confused. Both sides of immunizing and not, had positive, compelling points. I decided to interview one of my former classmates Dr. John Burns. He is a doctorate of chiropractic and father of ten children. He and his wife decided not vaccinate the majority of their children. During the interview I asked him what his fear was about vaccination. He answered, â€Å"Mohammad, most of my fear is from personal experience. In my life, I have witnessed so many of my family members and my patients who had perfectly fine children until fifteen months. After vaccinations, the same child started developing neurological problems; most often autism.† I further asked, â€Å"Do you think preservatives such as thimerosal in the vaccines are causing the neurological damage?† He responded â€Å"Although I think that thimerosal-containing vaccines play a major role in causing neurological damage, the numbers of vacci nes and the frequent

Telephones A Gift From Above Essay - 1678 Words

Telephones: A Gift From Above Throughout history telephones have repeatedly been considered one of the greatest achievements in technological advancements since the dawn of the invention. As the first telephone was bought into existence it was unheard of to be able to talk to another person without seeing them face to face. Over time the telephone achieved much more than it was ever thought to be capable of back when the first telephone was developed. In fact people of the modern days have developed an immense sense of attachment to the telephones we have today due to the efficiency and convenience that the amazing technology offers. As a matter of fact could you name a person who does not depend on a telephone to complete their everyday life tasks in today s society? Historically telephones were not always as amazing as they seem to be today and could not accomplish nearly as much. The first practical telephone was invented by Alexander Graham Bell and Thomas Watson. The first telephone call was made by Bell as he tried calling Watson on March 10, 1876. With their newly found success they had to go around the world and demonstrate to people the vast potential of having such an amazing device in your very own home. Only a year later on July 8, 1877 the Bell Telephone Company was open for business. The company grew tremendously and by 1886 over 150,000 people in the U.S owned their very own Bell telephone. As time went by and multiple advancements in technology wereShow MoreRelatedPromotional Activities Coordination Project : Sample Resume Essay1689 Words   |  7 Pagesperson’s roles and responsibilities, as well as the action plan that you developed in Part A. – An invitation to attend a Skype teleconference to discuss the activities to be conducted. Set up and conduct a Skype teleconference that includes all the above personnel. Go through the action plan for the project and invite questions. Make notes on the responses. Your assessor will be asking you some questions. Note your Skype teleconference should be a video call as this will also allow you to demonstrateRead MoreMarketing Of The Company Levis Marketing Department1043 Words   |  5 Pagesexpenses of the company for the manufacture of such products are small. The company has its own discount cards and special gifts - free gifts, serving as a reminder of the company that produces goods, and its brands. There are branded bags TD Levis , t-shirts, desk and wall calendars. As used colorful outdoor advertising banner placed on the building of the pavilion from the busy traffic artery. Advertising companies in the media is limited only by the individual articles and interviews withRead More Progressive Discipline Essay1001 Words   |  5 Pagesmembers of the community. Sales Reps are legally prohibited from engaging in corrupt practices when dealing with foreign governments. It is a criminal offence to make or offer a payment, gift or other compensation to a foreign public official in order to encourage favorable business treatment. Sales reps must take all reasonable steps to ensure that these policies and provisions are met. Sales Reps are also forbidden from accepting payment, gift or other compensation, while working for or on behalf ofRead MoreDifferences Between The Egyptian Culture And General Western Culture1153 Words   |  5 Pagesdifference and similarities between different cultures all around the world. In Hofstede’s findings Egypt is considered a collectivistic society. Unlike many western cultures the general population is committed to putting the needs of the community above their own. Their social rules promote selflessness and encourage working together to support others and do what’s best for society (Cherry 2016). Many western cultures on the other hand are far more individualistic and have less concern for othersRead MoreModern Technology965 Words   |  4 Pageslike cancer the internet is a great tool. However, this same tool makes pornographic material more available than ever. At the end of the day, the technology will help you do what you want to do. Question is: What are you doing? Some may answer the above question with a resounding â€Å"nothing.† I contend that modern technology can even aid you in the accomplishment of â€Å"doing nothing.† If you wake up with the intention of finding a job or studying for an exam, but instead spend hours on end playing yourRead MoreResearch Report On The Local Weekly Newspaper Essay1305 Words   |  6 Pagesclearly confirm the address from the email of respondents, then making certain the message to be received. Advantages: ~Relative speed and flexibility ~Large and growing audience ~Relatively inexpensive ~Uses graphics and visual aids Disadvantages: ~Technical skills and time required to develop and analyze questionnaires ~May deter visitors from your website 2. Telephone Survey This way is a very fast and direct to gather the needed information which collecting from the respondents by the researcherRead MorePotential Crimes And Its Effects On Children s College Fund1105 Words   |  5 PagesPotential Crimes UTMA Violations Pat had completely drained his children s college fund account. Under the UTMA, any funds gifted to children, whether or not the donor is a/the custodian of the account, become an immediately-vested and irrevocable gift. Pat, as a potential custodian of a UTMA account, would have a fiduciary duty to use the money in the best interest of his children, such as investing the money to earn interest revenue. It is not in the children s best interest for their father toRead MoreMarketing Objectives Of The Marketing Plan Essay1691 Words   |  7 Pages2.2 Marketing objectives As the marketing plan is in a three years term from 2011 to 2013, below a number of targets will be set for the marketing objectives in a corporate level and a product level regarding the fiber product that has been discussed in this study. In the corporate level, with the help of the promotion of the new product, the growth of revenue is expected to reach 10% compared to the 8% in the Singapore market in the last financial year. And in term of EBITDA contribution, becauseRead MoreWoman are Surviving Breast Cancer836 Words   |  3 Pageswill be diagnosed in women, 62,570 new cases of carcinoma in situ (CIS) will be diagnosed (CIS is non-invasive and is the earliest form of breast cancer). About 40,000 women will die from breast cancer†. (Society) There is really no specific ethnic background that has breast cancer but the rate of getting and dying from breast cancer is different. As reported by, Susan G Koman, â€Å"White women have the highest breast cancer incidence rate of any racial or ethnic group. Under age 45, African American womenRead MoreApplication Of A Service For Managing A Mail Center1200 Words   |  5 Pageshas direct experience in managing a small-medium retail store. For a current client, we manage several gift shops with 5 FTE’s and 21 PTE’s. 13. If so, please list the responsibilities performed. (512) At our managed retail locations we perform the following responsibilities: ââ€" ¬ Greet and engage guests in conversation as they enter the store ââ€" ¬ Assist guests with their selection of items from the gift shop ââ€" ¬ Suggest other items that might be of interest to the guest ââ€" ¬ Process the sale through the POS

Decision Making for Individuals are Inundated

Question: Discuss about the Decision Making for Individuals are Inundated. Answer: Introduction: Everyday individuals are inundated with decisions to be taken that have a long-lasting impact on their lives. Understanding how decisions are made is a matter of discussion in the field of cognitive psychology receiving much attention. Decision-making style and process has received much attention since a long time as it has been noticed that decision-making process varies depending on the perceived importance of the decision (Xu 2015). I personally change my decision making process as per the importance of the decision that I am about to take. In cases where the decision is not of much importance, I tend not to devote much time in the process of taking up the decision. However, for cases where the impact of the decision has a strong relation with other aspects of my life, I usually follow all the logical steps involved in a suitable decision making process. My decisions are based on an adequate knowledge that I gather from a number of resources, including peers, family members, books and over the internet. Peers and family members provide with information connected with real-life scenarios related to my life. Information gathered from books and the internet helps in the decision making process by providing a wide range of information (Byrnes 2013). In cases when my decision is proved wrong, the feelings that I have are apprehension and uneasiness. However, I try to take lessons from the mistakes that I have made and avoid repeating them in future. Managers have the responsibility of making the right decisions, and they must follow certain steps in making the decision the right one. Evidence-based decisions are the foundation of proper decision making, and managers must use scientific evidence rather than trusting the instincts. Practical experiences and judgment based on expert opinion help managers to take up a decision that is effective for the overall benefit (Xu 2015). Response to post of LiezlAlimYambao As per the post, decision making is a process that each one of us faces every day. I agree to this as we need to make some form of decisions in every sphere of our lives, be it professional or be it personal. In the post, it has been stated that decision is taken depending on the gravity of the situation and the significance of the decision on own life. According to Bazerman Moore (2008), a decision needs to be taken based on the purpose of the decision. There are some points of concerns that are to be kept in mind while taking up the decision. These include the issue regarding which the decision is being taken up, the reason why the problem is to be solved and who would be affected by the decision taken. It has been stated in the post that it is normal to have a particular reaction when a decision is being taken and how one handles such reactions forms the basis for future decisions. My friend has stated that there is a feeling of frustration and sadness when it is realised that th e decision take is wrong. However, satisfaction is felt as because of the understanding that the decision making process had been a fulfilling one. As opined by Anderson et al. (2015), any decision taken up at any certain point of time, if deliberated, is reliant on the data available at that time. Subsequently, there are changes in the circumstances and data available. However, the thoughts that one have can shape up reality. One must, therefore, stop having negative thoughts when a decision proves to be wrong and perceive an optimistic attitude for having a positive impact on the future decisions. One must not be hard on himself regarding any decision taken and must always learn from what the identified mistakes are. Response to post of Michal Krajcik In the mentioned post it has been stated that my friends decision making process is based on rational analysis and there is a major role of logic and quantitative thinking in the decision making process. I personally agree to such thought process as rational, and logical decisions always prove to be effective and beneficial. However, there are certain instances when intuitive approach helps in the decisions making process. As stated by Triantaphyllou (2013) in certain cases there is no sufficient time to carry out a rational analysis. In cases where a rapid response is required, it is necessary to take up the decision in a swift process. When dealing with information that is conflicting, incomplete or ambiguous, decisions may not be taken up in a rational manner. When the issue arising is a poorly structure one, there are chances that the decision is taken up in haste. I agree to the fact that decisions may not be always possible to be taken up following a guideline steps. One must w ait for the results to be evident and accordingly one must react to it. The post discusses the questions that a manager must ask before taking up a decision and these questions revolve around the needs of the situation, the right outcomes as desired by the organisation and the opportunities that lie in future. I too have the perception that managers are accountable and responsible for the decisions that are taken up. Managers need to do a certain amount of brainstorming to analyse the context in which the situation is being taken up to develop the action plan based on the decisions made (Bazerman Moore 2008). References Anderson, D.R., Sweeney, D.J., Williams, T.A., Camm, J.D. Cochran, J.J., 2015.An introduction to management science: quantitative approaches to decision making. Cengage learning. Bazerman, M.H. Moore, D.A., 2008. Judgment in managerial decision making. Zsambok, C.E. Klein, G., 2014.Naturalistic decision making. Psychology Press. Byrnes, J.P., 2013.The nature and development of decision-making: A self-regulation model. Psychology Press. Triantaphyllou, E., 2013.Multi-criteria decision making methods: a comparative study(Vol. 44). Springer Science Business Media. Xu, Z., 2015.Uncertain multi-attribute decision making: Methods and applications. Springer.

The Relationship Between Sport and Tourism Essay Example

The Relationship Between Sport and Tourism Essay The relationship between sport and tourism In order to understand the meaning of sport tourism, firstly we need to understand the term sport and tourism. Generally, sport can be defined as â€Å"all forms of physical activity which, through casual or organised participation, aim at expressing or improving physical fitness and mental well-being, forming social relationships or obtaining results in competitions at all levels† (Council Of Europe, 1992). Having said that, sport is actually a form of activity that is participated by people and it involves not only the participant but also other people. As for tourism, the World Tourism Organisation (WTO) (2000) defined it as â€Å"activities of persons travelling to and staying in places outside their usual environment for not more than one consecutive year for leisure, business and other purposes†. In this case, both sport and tourism is seen as a form of travel from one place to another. For instance, most sport nowadays involves a considerable amount of traveling to play and compete in different destinations and countries. Other than that, there are also people that travels for the purpose of visiting sports attraction such as stadiums, sports museum and also sports hall. Nowadays, sport and tourism can be seen as an inseparable phenomenon and sport tourism itself is considered to be the fastest growing sector of the tourism industry. However, the definition of sport tourism varies among people, until now, there still has not been a standardize definition for it. Over the years, there have been attempts to define it; for instance (Weed et al, 1997). As such, Standeven and De Knop (1999, p. 2) defines sport tourism as, â€Å"All forms of active and passive involvement in sporting activity, participated in casually or in an organized way for non-commercial or business/commercial reasons, that necessitate travel away from home and work locality†. Therefore, it is known that sport and tourism relates to one another, as also stated by Hinch and Higham (2001) that â€Å"sport tourism is a sport-based travel away from the home environment for a limited time, where sport is characterised by unique rule sets, competition related to physical prowess and play†. We will write a custom essay sample on The Relationship Between Sport and Tourism specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Relationship Between Sport and Tourism specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Relationship Between Sport and Tourism specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Furthermore, they also added that sport is considered to be â€Å"a significant travel activity, whether it is a primary or secondary feature of the trip†. According to Keller (2001), â€Å"the relationship between sport and tourism can be traced back to the ancient Olympic Games†. This is when all the people in the earlier days travelled to the olympic site just to attend the hallmark event. However, according to Delpy (1998), â€Å"high numbers of travellers searching for active and passive involvement in sports are of more recent origin†. The factors resulting to this trend is because there is an expanding demographic profile of participants in sports (Glyptis, 1989), increased demand for active engagement in recreational pursuits while on holiday (Priestley, 1995), and a growing interest in the prominent roles played by sports and sports event in urban renewal and urban imagery, and potential to leverage tourism opportunities associated with sports events (Getz, 1998). Other than that, sport tourism can be categorized into three types of tourism. According to Gibson (2003, pp. 07), â€Å"there is the active sport tourism where participants travel to take part in sport, event sport tourism where participants travel to watch the sport, and also nostalgia sport tourism where participants visit sports related attractions such as halls of fame, famous-stadia or sports-themed cruises†. Furthermore, active sport tourism consists of the active sport tourists, an individual who takes part in sport while on holiday. Gen erally, the sport that is usually related to this type of sport tourists are golf, skiing, swimming, tennis, and sailing. Moreover, the active sport tourist can be breakdown into three more categories; De Knop (1990) states that, â€Å"they are the pure sport holiday, where the primary purpose is to take part in sports such as skiing or golf; the vacation, in which sport is not the primary purpose but individuals make use of the sports facilities in their vacation locale; and the private sporting holiday, where people take part in informal pick-up games such as beach volleyball†. This is important because it means that the sport tourists differ from one another. This also suggests that they require different type of motivations for their choice of sports to participate in. The types of facilities offered, the course’s degree of challenge and also the pricing is considered to be the motivation for most sport tourists. As such, most resorts, clubs, and other hospitality industry try to offer the best facilities in order to attract this type of tourists. Other than that, a research on a cross-country ski and walking event in Japan identified that the reason of being healthy,fit and also â€Å"for the love of sport† are also considered motivational factors (Nogowa, Yamguchi, and Hagi, 1996). As have been said before, event sport tourism consists of participant that travels to watch the sport event. According to Delpy (1997), the experience of â€Å"being there† is considered to be the motivation for most event sport tourists. For instance, the experience of attending the Olympic Games differs from the experience of by just watching the games on television. The main point to be discussed here is that the event sport tourists is responsible in benefitting the host community. This is because most of this event sport tourists are not only from the local community, but comes from all around the world. For instance, when the 2006 Fifa World Cup was hosted, it consisted of 32 national teams representing their country. Thus, there were 31 different countries in Germany at that time and each of the country represents a group of event sport tourists in support of their national team. Having said that, Germany as the hosting country benefited from the Fifa World Cup because a large amount of money were spent by those event sport tourists while there were in Germany. It means that there were increased in economic perspectives when Germany hosted the Fifa World Cup. As for nostalgia sport tourism, it consists of nostalgia sport tourists visiting stadiums, halls of fame, and sports museum. The main purpose of their visit is to experience the place by themselves; such as the stadiums. For instance, taking the Old Trafford Stadium as an example; this type of tourist is a hardcore supporter of the Manchester United team, and only have watched the team playing through the television, thus the â€Å"feeling† of being there have developed. Therefore, it has been decided that this tourist has to visit the Old Trafford Stadium in order to get the maximum satisfaction. As we know it, sport and tourism relates to one another because it works both ways. For instance, if an individual wants to go skiing and there are no skiing facilities around, that individual has to travel to a destination which provides the facilities. Apart from that, when the sport tourists travel to another country, at the same time it boosts the country’s tourism sector. Thus, the country’s economy also increases. This is because when the sport tourists travel, they will not only use the sport facilities, but also uses the other facilities such as the accommodation, public transport, local restaurants and so on. Nowadays, most countries see sport and tourism as a way to develop and to improve the country. For example, the hosting of a mega-event such as the Olympic Games or World Cup. For years, â€Å"competition to host mega-events, such as the Olympic Games, has been intense and huge amounts of money are spent bidding for these events† (Jennings, 1996). It is known that by hosting this type of events, the hosting country will have impacts from it, through economically and also socially. Thus, cities all over the world are working hard to win the bidding process. However, even before the results of which city will be hosting the mega-event is decided, the process of bidding has already impacted the cities that is taking part in the bidding process. By taking the Olympic Games as an example, the cities that are running for the bidding process have to prove to the International Olympic Committee (IOC) that they are capable of hosting such events. This is done by making sure that they are able to provide the facilities such as the stadiums, accommodation and public transport that is needed. Therefore, in order to provide this kind of facilities, the cities have to redevelop themselves and this usually involves high costs. The costs of building and upgrading existing infrastructures often becomes a major concern for the local communities. This is because the taxpayer’s money is being used and often the infrastructures that is build for the purpose of hosting the mega-event are not fully utilized after the event. Furthermore, it is known that the mega-event will generate revenue and contribute major benefits to the hosting cities,region and countries. This is because the mega-event will attract a substantial domestic and also international tourists. Other than that, this is also an opportunity for the host’s country to promote their culture and image as a country. Other impacts of hosting such event are the host community will have an increased in tourism sector, increased tourist knowledge of the country, and the urbanisation of cities. However, there are also the negative impacts of hosting such event, for instance investment in non-needed structure, temporary crowding in cities, increase in crime and also increased in property rental. Thus, it is very important for the host community to properly manage and plan the mega-event as have been argued by Roche (1994) that, â€Å"mega-events tend to be short lived but have long-term consequences for a community that may not always be positive†. There have been a lot of research on the link of sport and tourism, however, it has always been focusing on one dimensions of sports tourism; for instance â€Å"holidays involving sport either as participant or as spectator† (Weed and Bull, 2004). To begin with, it has been identified that there are wo types of sport-related tourism, such as a destination that is using sport to develop their tourism identity and also where the tourism of a destination is develop unintentionally because of the sport activities. This has further been concluded by Gammon and Robinson (2003) that â€Å"sport and tourism is not just about the management and operation of mega-events, it also concerns offering consumer-specific sports and tourism-related services and experiences†. One of the sport that is related to this kind of phenomenon is golf. For most of the golf enthusiast, the sport; golf is considered to be a form of sport-related tourism. This is because the participants tend to travel to other parts of the world just to experience the different types of courses. As stated by Hall (1992), â€Å"golf tourism is considered a major tourism activity both as a direct form of special interest travel and as an adjunct to other forms of travel†. Research on golf tourism has estimated that â€Å"there are over 60 million golfers across the world† (Readman,2003). As such, it can be concluded that golf as a form of sport-related tourism represents the largest sport-related tourism sector. For over decades, golf has been considered as a sport that is played and enjoyed by most people as a past time activity and golf does not have a specific age group of participant. Therefore, it is not surprising that the popularity of golf has grown so fast and the influx of tourists to international golfing destinations has also grown substantially. Furthermore, this type of sport tourist; known as golf tourist can be categorised into three generic types, consisting of the avid golfer; this type of golf tourist is known to travel with golf as the primary focus of the trip and usually prefers world-class golf courses and facilities. Secondly, there is the business traveller golfer; they known to be the business people which put golf as a secondary option, usually playing golf when the resort provides such facilities. Lastly, there is the family golfer or according to Golf 20/20 (2004); known as â€Å"occasional golfer†. This type of golf tourist is known to consider golfing as an activity while travelling but is not likely to choose the travel destination based on the golf courses that is provided. This type of golf tourist also prefers travel destination which provides â€Å"family-oriented activities† (Tassiopoulos Haydam, 2007). However, according to Weed and Bull (2004), golf tourists are categorised by their â€Å"behaviours and motivation and identified as experienced and learner participant†. Moreover, the involvement of the golf tourist are often associated by the type of golf courses provided; the degree of challenge, the uniqueness of the course. All of this are taken into consideration when golf tourists are to planned their travel golfing destination. For some golf tourists, such as those from United States, United Kingdom and Europe; they tend to travel to other places such as the Caribbean due to seasonal factors. This is because places such as the Carribbean has good weather all-year round unlike those in the United States, United Kingdom and Europe. Thus, the Carribbean are taking this as an advantage to promote their tourism in terms of sport-related. Other than that, as for the golf tourists from Korea; the motivation for them to travel is because â€Å"Korea does not have the sufficient golf courses to meet the demand of golf tourists† (Golf Course News, 2003). Furthermore, other motivation for the golf tourists is that it is relatively more cheaper to play golf at other golf destinations compared to in Korea. Despite all of it, there are concerns about the lack of integrated practice and policy among sport and tourism agencies (Gibson, 2001). This is because most sport and tourism agencies lack the coordination in developing policy for sport tourism. Both agencies treat sport and tourism as a separate activity; while both are relatively connected to each other. As stated by De Knop (1990), â€Å"the lack of an integrated sport tourism policy is common throughout the world†. He further stated that without an adequate policy, conflicts of interest among various departments, agencies, ministries, bureau will become more common. Other than that, there are also growing concerns about the effects of sport tourism to the environment. This is because most sport-related tourism requires an area in which needed to be developed before it can be utilized. There is also the concern of maintaining the sport destination. For example, in order to build a golf course, firstly you need have a huge amount of undeveloped land. Therefore, the impact of building a golf course on the environment are the destruction of natural habitat and also deforestation. Apart from that, the sport; ski also contributes in effecting the environment. This is because it is effecting the natural wildlife in the Alps. Therefore, this kind of environmental impacts of sport-related tourism shows that there is a need at a certain level to coordinate and to develop an integrated policy before it is too late. In conclusion, over the past years, there have been alot of research on the relationship of sport and tourism, especially in trying to give sport tourism the proper definition. Whether it is called sport tourism, sports tourism, sport and tourism; all of this are actually just a terminology that have been adapted throughout the years by academic scholars. Therefore, it is important for those scholars to actually conceptualize a thorough definition of the term sport tourism; not as two different sector but as one. Thus, further analysis on sport tourism has to be researched by the academic scholars. In terms of the types of sport tourists that has been identified, it is important to know what actually motivates them in choosing their travel destination in relation of their sport activities. This is because in order for the tourism sector to fully utilize the facilities that they provide, they have to take the sport tourists set of thinking into consideration. As have been said before, the relationship of sport and tourism are interrelated to each other, because without the sport tourists, the tourism industry will not be able to benefit from it. The development of a country also depends on this sport tourists; thus it is important for the local government to coordinate with the tourism agency in order to gain the economical benefits. As have been stated, the sport tourism sector plays an important role in developing such a nation. However, it is also important for the country to properly plan and manage their tourism sector, in this case, when a country is trying to bid for a mega-event, they have to take everything into consideration, even the smallest things. This is so that a positive outcome will be achieved rather than a negative outcome. However, one thing that needs to be taken seriously when trying to develop the tourism industry is the environment. Due to the lack of policy coordination, the environment has to suffer and this has to be taken seriously by the local government agencies. To finish off, there are more sections on sport tourism that needs further research on; future studies should include an in-depth look on the needs, motivational perspectives, and the behaviours of sport tourists. This is so that sport tourism will continue to grow and hopefully it will be a more supportive sector in developing a country. The Relationship Between Sport and Tourism Essay Example The Relationship Between Sport and Tourism Paper The relationship between sport and tourism In order to understand the meaning of sport tourism, firstly we need to understand the term sport and tourism. Generally, sport can be defined as â€Å"all forms of physical activity which, through casual or organised participation, aim at expressing or improving physical fitness and mental well-being, forming social relationships or obtaining results in competitions at all levels† (Council Of Europe, 1992). Having said that, sport is actually a form of activity that is participated by people and it involves not only the participant but also other people. As for tourism, the World Tourism Organisation (WTO) (2000) defined it as â€Å"activities of persons travelling to and staying in places outside their usual environment for not more than one consecutive year for leisure, business and other purposes†. In this case, both sport and tourism is seen as a form of travel from one place to another. For instance, most sport nowadays involves a considerable amount of traveling to play and compete in different destinations and countries. Other than that, there are also people that travels for the purpose of visiting sports attraction such as stadiums, sports museum and also sports hall. Nowadays, sport and tourism can be seen as an inseparable phenomenon and sport tourism itself is considered to be the fastest growing sector of the tourism industry. However, the definition of sport tourism varies among people, until now, there still has not been a standardize definition for it. Over the years, there have been attempts to define it; for instance (Weed et al, 1997). As such, Standeven and De Knop (1999, p. 2) defines sport tourism as, â€Å"All forms of active and passive involvement in sporting activity, participated in casually or in an organized way for non-commercial or business/commercial reasons, that necessitate travel away from home and work locality†. Therefore, it is known that sport and tourism relates to one another, as also stated by Hinch and Higham (2001) that â€Å"sport tourism is a sport-based travel away from the home environment for a limited time, where sport is characterised by unique rule sets, competition related to physical prowess and play†. We will write a custom essay sample on The Relationship Between Sport and Tourism specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Relationship Between Sport and Tourism specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Relationship Between Sport and Tourism specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Furthermore, they also added that sport is considered to be â€Å"a significant travel activity, whether it is a primary or secondary feature of the trip†. According to Keller (2001), â€Å"the relationship between sport and tourism can be traced back to the ancient Olympic Games†. This is when all the people in the earlier days travelled to the olympic site just to attend the hallmark event. However, according to Delpy (1998), â€Å"high numbers of travellers searching for active and passive involvement in sports are of more recent origin†. The factors resulting to this trend is because there is an expanding demographic profile of participants in sports (Glyptis, 1989), increased demand for active engagement in recreational pursuits while on holiday (Priestley, 1995), and a growing interest in the prominent roles played by sports and sports event in urban renewal and urban imagery, and potential to leverage tourism opportunities associated with sports events (Getz, 1998). Other than that, sport tourism can be categorized into three types of tourism. According to Gibson (2003, pp. 07), â€Å"there is the active sport tourism where participants travel to take part in sport, event sport tourism where participants travel to watch the sport, and also nostalgia sport tourism where participants visit sports related attractions such as halls of fame, famous-stadia or sports-themed cruises†. Furthermore, active sport tourism consists of the active sport tourists, an individual who takes part in sport while on holiday. Gen erally, the sport that is usually related to this type of sport tourists are golf, skiing, swimming, tennis, and sailing. Moreover, the active sport tourist can be breakdown into three more categories; De Knop (1990) states that, â€Å"they are the pure sport holiday, where the primary purpose is to take part in sports such as skiing or golf; the vacation, in which sport is not the primary purpose but individuals make use of the sports facilities in their vacation locale; and the private sporting holiday, where people take part in informal pick-up games such as beach volleyball†. This is important because it means that the sport tourists differ from one another. This also suggests that they require different type of motivations for their choice of sports to participate in. The types of facilities offered, the course’s degree of challenge and also the pricing is considered to be the motivation for most sport tourists. As such, most resorts, clubs, and other hospitality industry try to offer the best facilities in order to attract this type of tourists. Other than that, a research on a cross-country ski and walking event in Japan identified that the reason of being healthy,fit and also â€Å"for the love of sport† are also considered motivational factors (Nogowa, Yamguchi, and Hagi, 1996). As have been said before, event sport tourism consists of participant that travels to watch the sport event. According to Delpy (1997), the experience of â€Å"being there† is considered to be the motivation for most event sport tourists. For instance, the experience of attending the Olympic Games differs from the experience of by just watching the games on television. The main point to be discussed here is that the event sport tourists is responsible in benefitting the host community. This is because most of this event sport tourists are not only from the local community, but comes from all around the world. For instance, when the 2006 Fifa World Cup was hosted, it consisted of 32 national teams representing their country. Thus, there were 31 different countries in Germany at that time and each of the country represents a group of event sport tourists in support of their national team. Having said that, Germany as the hosting country benefited from the Fifa World Cup because a large amount of money were spent by those event sport tourists while there were in Germany. It means that there were increased in economic perspectives when Germany hosted the Fifa World Cup. As for nostalgia sport tourism, it consists of nostalgia sport tourists visiting stadiums, halls of fame, and sports museum. The main purpose of their visit is to experience the place by themselves; such as the stadiums. For instance, taking the Old Trafford Stadium as an example; this type of tourist is a hardcore supporter of the Manchester United team, and only have watched the team playing through the television, thus the â€Å"feeling† of being there have developed. Therefore, it has been decided that this tourist has to visit the Old Trafford Stadium in order to get the maximum satisfaction. As we know it, sport and tourism relates to one another because it works both ways. For instance, if an individual wants to go skiing and there are no skiing facilities around, that individual has to travel to a destination which provides the facilities. Apart from that, when the sport tourists travel to another country, at the same time it boosts the country’s tourism sector. Thus, the country’s economy also increases. This is because when the sport tourists travel, they will not only use the sport facilities, but also uses the other facilities such as the accommodation, public transport, local restaurants and so on. Nowadays, most countries see sport and tourism as a way to develop and to improve the country. For example, the hosting of a mega-event such as the Olympic Games or World Cup. For years, â€Å"competition to host mega-events, such as the Olympic Games, has been intense and huge amounts of money are spent bidding for these events† (Jennings, 1996). It is known that by hosting this type of events, the hosting country will have impacts from it, through economically and also socially. Thus, cities all over the world are working hard to win the bidding process. However, even before the results of which city will be hosting the mega-event is decided, the process of bidding has already impacted the cities that is taking part in the bidding process. By taking the Olympic Games as an example, the cities that are running for the bidding process have to prove to the International Olympic Committee (IOC) that they are capable of hosting such events. This is done by making sure that they are able to provide the facilities such as the stadiums, accommodation and public transport that is needed. Therefore, in order to provide this kind of facilities, the cities have to redevelop themselves and this usually involves high costs. The costs of building and upgrading existing infrastructures often becomes a major concern for the local communities. This is because the taxpayer’s money is being used and often the infrastructures that is build for the purpose of hosting the mega-event are not fully utilized after the event. Furthermore, it is known that the mega-event will generate revenue and contribute major benefits to the hosting cities,region and countries. This is because the mega-event will attract a substantial domestic and also international tourists. Other than that, this is also an opportunity for the host’s country to promote their culture and image as a country. Other impacts of hosting such event are the host community will have an increased in tourism sector, increased tourist knowledge of the country, and the urbanisation of cities. However, there are also the negative impacts of hosting such event, for instance investment in non-needed structure, temporary crowding in cities, increase in crime and also increased in property rental. Thus, it is very important for the host community to properly manage and plan the mega-event as have been argued by Roche (1994) that, â€Å"mega-events tend to be short lived but have long-term consequences for a community that may not always be positive†. There have been a lot of research on the link of sport and tourism, however, it has always been focusing on one dimensions of sports tourism; for instance â€Å"holidays involving sport either as participant or as spectator† (Weed and Bull, 2004). To begin with, it has been identified that there are wo types of sport-related tourism, such as a destination that is using sport to develop their tourism identity and also where the tourism of a destination is develop unintentionally because of the sport activities. This has further been concluded by Gammon and Robinson (2003) that â€Å"sport and tourism is not just about the management and operation of mega-events, it also concerns offering consumer-specific sports and tourism-related services and experiences†. One of the sport that is related to this kind of phenomenon is golf. For most of the golf enthusiast, the sport; golf is considered to be a form of sport-related tourism. This is because the participants tend to travel to other parts of the world just to experience the different types of courses. As stated by Hall (1992), â€Å"golf tourism is considered a major tourism activity both as a direct form of special interest travel and as an adjunct to other forms of travel†. Research on golf tourism has estimated that â€Å"there are over 60 million golfers across the world† (Readman,2003). As such, it can be concluded that golf as a form of sport-related tourism represents the largest sport-related tourism sector. For over decades, golf has been considered as a sport that is played and enjoyed by most people as a past time activity and golf does not have a specific age group of participant. Therefore, it is not surprising that the popularity of golf has grown so fast and the influx of tourists to international golfing destinations has also grown substantially. Furthermore, this type of sport tourist; known as golf tourist can be categorised into three generic types, consisting of the avid golfer; this type of golf tourist is known to travel with golf as the primary focus of the trip and usually prefers world-class golf courses and facilities. Secondly, there is the business traveller golfer; they known to be the business people which put golf as a secondary option, usually playing golf when the resort provides such facilities. Lastly, there is the family golfer or according to Golf 20/20 (2004); known as â€Å"occasional golfer†. This type of golf tourist is known to consider golfing as an activity while travelling but is not likely to choose the travel destination based on the golf courses that is provided. This type of golf tourist also prefers travel destination which provides â€Å"family-oriented activities† (Tassiopoulos Haydam, 2007). However, according to Weed and Bull (2004), golf tourists are categorised by their â€Å"behaviours and motivation and identified as experienced and learner participant†. Moreover, the involvement of the golf tourist are often associated by the type of golf courses provided; the degree of challenge, the uniqueness of the course. All of this are taken into consideration when golf tourists are to planned their travel golfing destination. For some golf tourists, such as those from United States, United Kingdom and Europe; they tend to travel to other places such as the Caribbean due to seasonal factors. This is because places such as the Carribbean has good weather all-year round unlike those in the United States, United Kingdom and Europe. Thus, the Carribbean are taking this as an advantage to promote their tourism in terms of sport-related. Other than that, as for the golf tourists from Korea; the motivation for them to travel is because â€Å"Korea does not have the sufficient golf courses to meet the demand of golf tourists† (Golf Course News, 2003). Furthermore, other motivation for the golf tourists is that it is relatively more cheaper to play golf at other golf destinations compared to in Korea. Despite all of it, there are concerns about the lack of integrated practice and policy among sport and tourism agencies (Gibson, 2001). This is because most sport and tourism agencies lack the coordination in developing policy for sport tourism. Both agencies treat sport and tourism as a separate activity; while both are relatively connected to each other. As stated by De Knop (1990), â€Å"the lack of an integrated sport tourism policy is common throughout the world†. He further stated that without an adequate policy, conflicts of interest among various departments, agencies, ministries, bureau will become more common. Other than that, there are also growing concerns about the effects of sport tourism to the environment. This is because most sport-related tourism requires an area in which needed to be developed before it can be utilized. There is also the concern of maintaining the sport destination. For example, in order to build a golf course, firstly you need have a huge amount of undeveloped land. Therefore, the impact of building a golf course on the environment are the destruction of natural habitat and also deforestation. Apart from that, the sport; ski also contributes in effecting the environment. This is because it is effecting the natural wildlife in the Alps. Therefore, this kind of environmental impacts of sport-related tourism shows that there is a need at a certain level to coordinate and to develop an integrated policy before it is too late. In conclusion, over the past years, there have been alot of research on the relationship of sport and tourism, especially in trying to give sport tourism the proper definition. Whether it is called sport tourism, sports tourism, sport and tourism; all of this are actually just a terminology that have been adapted throughout the years by academic scholars. Therefore, it is important for those scholars to actually conceptualize a thorough definition of the term sport tourism; not as two different sector but as one. Thus, further analysis on sport tourism has to be researched by the academic scholars. In terms of the types of sport tourists that has been identified, it is important to know what actually motivates them in choosing their travel destination in relation of their sport activities. This is because in order for the tourism sector to fully utilize the facilities that they provide, they have to take the sport tourists set of thinking into consideration. As have been said before, the relationship of sport and tourism are interrelated to each other, because without the sport tourists, the tourism industry will not be able to benefit from it. The development of a country also depends on this sport tourists; thus it is important for the local government to coordinate with the tourism agency in order to gain the economical benefits. As have been stated, the sport tourism sector plays an important role in developing such a nation. However, it is also important for the country to properly plan and manage their tourism sector, in this case, when a country is trying to bid for a mega-event, they have to take everything into consideration, even the smallest things. This is so that a positive outcome will be achieved rather than a negative outcome. However, one thing that needs to be taken seriously when trying to develop the tourism industry is the environment. Due to the lack of policy coordination, the environment has to suffer and this has to be taken seriously by the local government agencies. To finish off, there are more sections on sport tourism that needs further research on; future studies should include an in-depth look on the needs, motivational perspectives, and the behaviours of sport tourists. This is so that sport tourism will continue to grow and hopefully it will be a more supportive sector in developing a country.

Baleful and Baneful

Baleful and Baneful Baleful and Baneful Baleful and Baneful By Maeve Maddox A reader asks, Would you please tell me the difference between baleful and baneful. I know both adjectives relate to evil. Both of these adjectives derive from ancient Old English words. In Beowulf, a bane is a murderer. By extension, bane came to mean anything that causes destruction. In time, bane came to be a synonym for poison. The element appears in the names of several plants that have poisonous properties: henbane (Hyoscyamus niger) dogbane (Apocynum) wolfsbane (Aconitum lycoctonum) A common name for rat poison (especially white arsenic) is ratsbane. In modern usage the meaning of baneful at its strongest is pernicious; at its mildest, harmful. Here are some examples: The authors neglect the baneful effect of the gold standard in their discussion of the Great Depression and other economic periods.   The Baneful Consequences of the U.S. Dietary Guidelines He deplores the general decline of handwriting and the  baneful effect  on communication.   On the one hand, there is persuasive evidence that gender bias, gender segregation, and gender discrimination still exist and still have a baneful effect on access. The Old English word bealu (the source of bale in baleful) may be translated variously as harm, injury, ruin, evil, mischief, and wickedness. A bealu could be a wound or anything unpleasant. In modern usage, the adjective baleful is used in the sense of threatening: And as he spoke his eyes gleamed, and again that  baleful  smile passed over his face. A  baleful  star, come to cause us harm IRS Turning Its Baleful Gaze At Company Cafeterias That Churn Out Free  Food Sometimes the phrase â€Å"a baleful look† seems to be used as the equivalent of â€Å"an accusing look† or â€Å"a dirty look†: I have one-sided conversations with the dog (who at best cocks his head quizzically at me but most often  casts me a baleful look). Kevin sat on my bed  giving me baleful looks. When I called out to her, she turned and gave me what could only be described as a  baleful look.   As the reader suggests, both baneful and baleful carry connotations of evil. Some speakers do use the words interchangeably, but there’s a difference. In the following examples the word baneful (harmful) would be the clearer choice: The baleful effect of computer benchmarks upon applied mathematics, physics and chemistry. (Title of a paper by a mathematics professor). First, since the evidence suggests that computer technologies generally improve student achievement overall, and no baleful results were found, there should be more computer use by students regardless of social class or geographic location. (From an academic paper about technology and education). Bale (evil) is no longer used apart from the adjective baleful, but the word bane continues to be used as a stand-alone noun in the sense of â€Å"a person who makes another completely miserable† or â€Å"the agent or instrument of ruin or woe†: My ex-husband is the bane of my happiness. Edward Snowden continues to be the bane of U.S. government surveillance and spy operations.   Opium had in fact been the bane of the economic and social life of the Assamese people. Bradford pear one of lifes many botanical banes Fleas are the  bane of my existence. Baleful conveys menace, whereas baneful connotes definite harm. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:100 Words for Facial Expressions"Gratitude" or "Gratefulness"?Drama vs. Melodrama

Mothers Day Quotes From Famous People

Mothers Day Quotes From Famous People Mothers Day is celebrated on the second Sunday in May every year. Your own mother may not be the perfect cook or the greatest homemaker. But she is your mother a woman like no other, and she deserves more than just a Happy Mothers Day. Here are some thoughtful Mothers Day quotes to make her day memorable. Read some of the following motherhood quotes to understand what it means to be a mother, and help you put into words how priceless she truly is. Charlotte Gray Becoming a mother makes you the mother of all children. From now on each wounded, abandoned, frightened child is yours. You live in the suffering mothers of every race and creed and weep with them. You long to comfort all who are desolate. George Eliot A mothers yearning feels the presence of the cherished child even in the degraded man. Napoleon Bonaparte Let France have good mothers, and she will have good sons. Elizabeth Barrett Browning Women know the way to rear up children (to be just). They know a simple, merry, tender knack of tying sashes, fitting baby-shoes, and stringing pretty words that make no sense. And kissing full sense into empty words. Elizabeth Stone Making the decision to have a child is momentous. It is to decide forever to have your heart go walking around outside your body. Aristotle Mothers are fonder than fathers of their children because they are more certain they are their own. Aeschylus On me the tempest falls. It does not make me tremble. O holy Mother Earth, O air and sun, behold me. I am wronged. Washington Irving A mother is the truest friend we have, when trials, heavy and sudden, fall upon us; when adversity takes the place of prosperity; when friends who rejoice with us in our sunshine, desert us when troubles thicken around us, still will she cling to us, and endeavor by her kind precepts and counsels to dissipate the clouds of darkness, and cause peace to return to our hearts. Abraham Lincoln All that I am or ever hope to be, I owe to my angel Mother. Henry Ward Beecher The mothers heart is the childs schoolroom. George Washington My mother was the most beautiful woman I ever saw. All I am I owe to my mother. I attribute all my success in life to the moral, intellectual and physical education I received from her. James Russell Lowell That best academy, a mothers knee.

Abnormal Psychology- Psychosis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Abnormal Psychology- Psychosis - Essay Example Atypical anti-psychotic drugs are commonly used in treating acute mania, bipolar disorder, borderline personality disorder, psychosis, and schizo-affective disorder. (Leslie, Hankey, & Lean, 2007) In line with the adverse health effects of these drugs, several studies show that atypical anti-psychotic medications particularly the Olanzapine and Clozapine; anti-depression drug such as Nortriptyline, Doxepin, and Amitriptyline; Lithium; Valproate; as well as beta-adrenergic blocking agent like Propranolol highly contributes to the excessive weight gain or obesity. (Science Daily, 2008; Leslie, Hankey, & Lean, 2007; Czobor et al., 2002; Rossner et al., 1990) Obesity is a serious health and social problem since it could cause a person to deal with social adjustment disorders or social discrimination. (Pearce et al., 2002) As a common knowledge, obesity could also increase the risk of a person to suffer from a wide-range of serious health concerns such as diabetes particularly the Type 2 diabetes or the non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) (Alberti et al., 2007; Wilding, 2004), cerebral hemorrhage and coronary heart diseases (Nanchahal et al., 2005; Montaye at el., 2000), high blood pressure, athersclerosis and high cholesterol (Yuan et al., 1998; Berenson et al., 1993), atherosclerosis (Nazario, 2007), osteoarthritis (Lau et al., 2000), sleep apnea (Ballington, 2002), as well as cancer (Vainio & Bianchini, 2002) related to colon (Murphy et al. 2000), rectum (Giascosa et al., 1999), post menopausal related breast cancer and uterus (Vainio & Bianchini, 2002; Friedenreich, 2001; van den Brandt et al., 2000; Goodman et al., 1997), kidney (Yuan et al., 1998; Goodman et al., 1997), gallbladder (Lowenfels et al., 1999; Moerman & Bueno-de-Mesquita, 1999), ovaries and pancreas (Vainio & Bianchini, 2002). Suicidal tendency is considered a major complication that has been associated with the withdrawal from anti-psychotic drugs like

The Evolution of Rape to Sexual Assault Legislation Essay

The Evolution of Rape to Sexual Assault Legislation - Essay Example The essay "The Evolution of Rape to Sexual Assault Legislation" talks about the significant changes in the Canada legislation regarding rape and sexual assault. Rape is indisputably an offense like no other, a violation not only of the self but of the body as well. Until the year 1983, when rape was codified as an offense within the criminal code, rape was still a mere common law offense in Canada. Put together, rape laws prior to 1983 incorporated deep-rooted sexism, with a deliberate mistrust of women and statistics strongly indicating absolute incapacity of the Canadian Criminal law system as contributing to this. Rape victims’ words alone were not sufficient to convict assailants unless they provided substantive evidence to support the claims. This was despite the fact that rape occurs to women each 17 minutes in Canada. This resulted in anger among majority women, a factor argued to become the bedrock that spearheaded the need for legal reforms. With various forces advocating for change, rape, which seemingly was an antiquated term, was now folded, alongside indecent assault into a new offense/crime known as sexual assault. This took in everything from unwelcome touching to any kind of penetration. Criminal justice experts and women groups have often demanded new legislation as a way of dealing with this particular problem. One of the consequences of the sexual assault legislation in Canada can be argued based on the fact that it has encouraged the various victims of rape to report rape incidents to the authorities.

Book Report on Dear America Series- Diary of Hattie Campbell Essay Example for Free

Book Report on Dear America Series- Diary of Hattie Campbell Essay This book, written by Kristiana Gregory, is about a thirteen year old girl from Pennsylvania, Hattie Campbell. On her birthday, she was given a diary by her mother and her Aunt June. In the first entry, she mentions her Uncle Milton’s death three days ago while fixing her family’s barn and his funeral the eve of her birthday. At the funeral, the coffin fell out of their cart and was washed into the nearby river. Her father tried to save it but was almost sucked into the paddles of a riverboat. As a sign of apology, the riverboat captain agreed to give Mr Campbell and his family free tickets on his riverboat to go anywhere they wanted. That night, he announced that the family would be heading to the untamed West, at that time occupied by the Indians who were known to be violent. Mrs Campbell was very angry and initiated a â€Å"cold war† with her husband. Two days later, she relents and agrees to head out West. On the way out West, the family met a young adult named Tall Joe, who eventually becomes the captain of their group. Throughout the long trip, they lost many partners as their oxen died or they were shot by Indians. One day, Hattie and her friend, Pepper, are out playing and happened to stumble across what they thought were wild carrots and parsnips. They took some back as it was their turn to cook for the group. Back at camp, they got around their chores and started cooking. A little girl, Cassia, looked longingly at the â€Å"carrots and parsnips† and takes two bites before running off to play. Later, as they were rolling out pastry, they heard screams. They went in the direction of the screams and were horrified to find Pepper’s twin brother, Wade, and some of his friends lying on the ground, jaws clenched so tightly that nobody could pour charcoal and water into their systems to absorb the poison. In the end all of them except Wade died. The women were able to pour charcoal into his mouth. Hattie’s father then went to the tent where the kitchen was. When he saw the â€Å"carrots and parsnips†, he asked Hattie to cut some for him. He put it on the edge of his tongue and spat it out immediately. He said that it was actually water hemlock, a poisonous plant which could kill a horse if it just ate one. A man would die from a bite. They immediately remembered Cassia. They found her limp body and buried her together with the boys. The priest prayed over their graves. The next day, they called all the children and drew on the dirt to show them the difference between water hemlock and wild carrots and parsnips. Eventually, after twenty six months on the road, they reach their destination, Oregon. Along the way the accompanying Aunt June gave birth to a daughter, River Ann Valentine. The family, Aunt June and her husband settled in Oregon and became one of the first pioneers to make it to their destinations.

Continuing the Womens Rights Movement in the US Essay -- Womens Lib

WOMEN’S LIBERATION Over the last century, women have made incredible progress in their struggle to claim their equal rights and humanity; however, many issues presented in the â€Å"Declaration of Sentiments† are still prevalent in today’s society. Even after developing laws and regulations that sanction women’s rights, something even larger continues to oppress women, keeping them from true liberation. As one reads from the â€Å"Declaration of Sentiments† the list of injustices that women dealt with daily in the nineteenth century seem almost endless. As the Declaration says, â€Å"The history of mankind is a history of repeated injuries and usurpations on the part of man toward woman, having in direct object the establishment of an absolute tyranny over her.† The Seneca Falls Women’s Rights Convention of 1848 outlined the ways in which women lived politically, economically, and socially dependent on men. The political and economic injustices that women faced were extensive. First, women were not granted the right to vote. Women were expected to obey laws in which they had no say in developing. Also, women had no representation in legislation. The male-dominated government profited off single women who owned land through unfair taxation. Men monopolized employment and prevented women from becoming involved in fields of law, medicine, or theology. Socially, women were encouraged to marry; however,...

Isaac’s Storm

Isaac’s Storm Isaac Cline dealt with perils that no one should have ever had to endure. Erik Larson was very good at describing what he thought and saw, but a little too much. His descriptions were too lengthy and the subject didn’t catch my attention until much later in the book. The book was written very well it excluded the too familiar he said she saids. The language flows with clarity and precision. His recount of the storm’s destruction sucks you into the dramatic effects as the storm takes over the town. Some of my favorite parts of the book are in the beginning I love the metaphors and similes. The beginning catches you by taking you across the world to Africa, â€Å"It began as all things must, with an awakening of molecules. The sun rose over the African highlands east of Cameroon and warm grasslands, forests, lakes, and rivers, and the men and creatures that moved and breathed among them; it warmed their exhalations and caused these to rise upward as a great plume of carbon, oxygen, nitrogen, and hydrogen, the earth’s soul. † That creates such a beautiful picture of all elements working together I love it. I also think that the fact that it’s true is amazing. Over 10, 000 people dead from one hurricane. Technology has advanced so much even since then. I can’t imagine what Hurricane Katrina would have done if no one had been warned. It’s so important for education to progress and expand. Isaac took on a tremendous responsibility when he didn’t realize what was coming; I don’t think it was his fault though. He thought he was prepared and nothing could have prepared him, or anyone for the tragedy that the hurricane brought. It’s very interesting learning about the politics of the weather bureaus and how everything works. I never knew how much the weatherman did. The things that they measure and predict are really incredible. The most interesting part of the book was when the storm actually hit. The way Erik Larson describes the events happening to Isaac makes you feel like you’re watching them through Isaac’s eyes. It makes me really appreciate living in the mountains where tropical storms and tornados don’t destruct our beautiful valley. Another one of my favorite paragraph’s was, â€Å"the air cooled rapidly as it pierced colder and colder layers of atmosphere and encountered lower and lower pressure. The lower the pressure, the more the air expanded. As it expanded it cooled. It continued to rise but less than a mile above the earth crossed a threshold, and a phase change occurred. The air got so cold, it could no longer retain the water it carried. The vapor condensed en masse, as if at the tap of a conductor’s baton. The resulting droplets were so tiny they remained suspended in the rising air. † It’s fun reading about the facts when he relates them to familiar things. It lightens the book and catches your attention again. I definitely leaned a lot in this book. Before I didn’t really know anything about weather, especially all of the tools to measure the wind pressure and how to watch the tides and so on. I enjoyed learning about all of these things even though I learned more than I care for about how precise the weather is. I also learned much more about Texas and Galveston. It would be nice if Erikson would have included a dictionary like Ella Minnow Pea, so that you didn’t have to go back and forth throughout the book to double check. Overall the book wasn’t too bad. I liked how he makes the whole story come to life, but in doing so he seems to drag on in details.

Abraham Maslow †Hierarchy of Needs Essay

Abraham Maslow is a well-known psychologist for his theory on human motivation, specifically the Hierarchy of needs theory, and for his work with monkeys. Maslow’s theory can also be defined as â€Å"intensity at a task†. This means that greater the motivation, the more constant and intense one will perform s specific task. The basis behind this theory is the knowledge that all behaviour is goal driven, meaning one will do tasks according to what they obtain after the task is complete. Maslow has been a very inspirational figure in personality theories. The Hierarchy of Needs theory has four different levels before one comes to full self-actualizing. These levels are, in order, the psychological needs, safety, love and care and esteem needs. The psychological needs are those one needs to survive, such as food, water, oxygen, shelter and more. Then comes the need for safety and protection for one’s family’ these needs include safe shelter, security, protection from both mental and physical damage, and others. Thirdly is the need for love and care, which is the need for affection, friends and relationships in general. Lastly, the esteem needs. These needs are those that one gets from him or herself. There are two types, low self esteem and a high self esteem. The low self esteem needs include wanting the respect of others, status, fame, recognition and even dominance. The high self-esteem need is to have respect for yourself; this is the higher of the two self-esteems because self-respect is harder to loose than the resp ect of others. See more:  Social Satire in The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn Essay Self-actualization is to have all of the needs fulfilled and to be settled with a good job. According to Maslow, a person who is fully self-actualized, have the following character traits. According to his research, e stated that self-actualizers tend to be reality centred, meaning these people can distinguish between what is fake and dishonest from what is real and true. They were problem centred; people treated life’s difficulties as problems demanding solutions, the need for privacy and they were independent of culture and relied on their own experiences and judgments; they were, in the best sense, non conformists. Those who were self-actualized had democratic values; open to ethnic and individual variety, social interest and they enjoyed having intimate personal relationships with a few close friends. Maslow recorded these findings by observing a group of historical figures, which included Abraham Lincoln, Mahatma Ghandi, Albert Einstein and others. In his findings, he also stated that self-actualizers have a pacifist sense of humour, which means they would rather tell jokes about themselves or at the world in general rather than at others. These people accepted people for who they were; they didn’t try to change them to what they thought each person should be like and they prefer being themselves than being pretentious or artificial. With all these high-quality traits, there were some flaws with the self-actualizers studied by Maslow. These flaws were that the subjects that were being tested on suffered from anxiety and guilt. Some of them were absentminded, overly kind and, lastly, they had unexpected moments of ruthlessness and a loss of humour. All of these findings of Maslow have created a basic understanding of what things are necessities to humans and which are not. For example, in the 1960’s, this was most important to those who were looking for meaning and purpose in their lives. This theory helped them look for a path to lead their life to success. Maslow’s theory was also inspirational to Mihalyi Csikeszentmihalyi and Douglas McGregor. Mihalyi Csikeszentmihalyi continued Maslow’s concept of â€Å"flow.† This theory helped Douglas McGregor to make his theory of Theory X and Theory Y by being a building block. Without Maslow’s hierarchy of needs theory, these two people may not have come up with the idea/theory that they did. It is said that Maslow’s hierarchy of needs follows the life cycle of humans. The first stage, psychological needs is a newborn baby’s needs, safety comes as the baby begins to crawl and walk, the social aspect come in when the baby is a toddler, they seek attention by doing something that no one has seen before and amazes the audience. The fourth need, esteem or ego, comes when humans are teenagers; this means when humans are concerned with respect  and popularity and only some humans go on to self-actualizing. Maslow’s theory being related to the development of human’s helps for humans to realize how his theory really does work and how it intertwines with the development of humans. Another way that Maslow’s was inspirational was, for example, the reason why humans wake up in the morning and what motivates us to do so. Maslow’s theory states that by accomplishing goals, people motivate themselves to do even more. When a person is on the rise of success or promotion or an increase in business profits, they are excited and they motivate themselves to get up in the morning and to do more to get more excitement. Lastly, Maslow’s theory was a great importance to education. His theory applies to education because if the teacher wants to maximize the effectiveness of teaching programs around the schools and individual classrooms, the administrators must consider what the children want first. If the students feel that the workload is extremely heavy, then administration staff and teachers should take this into account and either lower the workload or give longer due dates for the students to finish their work. This gives the students encouragement to do their work as they realize the teacher has taken our problem into consideration and has given us what we asked for. Those teachers who know their students needs use this theory and are successful teachers. Both the administration and student body like these teachers; administration is happy that students are doing their work mostly on time and the student body like the teacher because he/she cooperates and listens to what they have to say. Thus Maslow’s theory has had an impact on the teaching styles of teachers in order to cope with the students. In conclusion, Maslow’s theory is inspirational not only to teachings but also to everyday life. His theory helped everyone in society to realize basic needs of life and to spend their money and time where it is most needed and worry about the luxuries after the necessities are complete. Without this inspirational theory created by Maslow, people around the world may not know what the basic needs of life are. For example, the third world  countries and first world countries would have even less in common than what they do today. At least today they have the same basic needs, maybe without this theory even this would be different. Therefore, Abraham Maslow as an inspirational psychologist who has lead us to the right way of spending money and time. Works Cited Abraham Maslow: Understanding Human Motivation 17 Oct 2003 Boeree, Dr. C. George. Abraham Maslow. 16 Oct 2003 Hoffman, Edward. The Right To Be Human. Los Angeles: J.P. Tarcher, 1988. House of Essays: Abraham Maslow http://www.houseofessays.com/viewpaper/9245.html Nancy Benson, Sharon Crosier, Linda Parker. Maslow’s Motivation Theory And Its Application To Education. 16 Oct. 2003

The Profession of Arms essays

The Profession of Arms essays My fellow Americans, ask not what your country can do for you, ask what you can do for your country. 1 The Army is a profession of arms that has instilled this famous quote and sacrificed blood, sweat, and their lives to protect the freedoms of the United States of America. Men and woman of this great nation are shaped into professional warriors trained and entrusted to support and defend the Constitution. The white paper describes a professional as one who develops expertise over time through extensive institutional training, knowledge, and expanding practices.2 The US Army is a profession in the sense that its members proficiently protect, serve, and defend the people, our domain, and uphold the traditions and values of the Army well beyond war. The Armys soldiers experience professional development through institutional training, organizational experience, and personal growth but most importantly through leaders with expert knowledge and ethical behaviors. The Army and the individuals in it are what make up the profession of arms. The Army and its interconnected units defend the Constitution and our citizens through skilled lethal use of weaponry and civil and combat operations. Organizational units prosper upon solidarity and esprit de corps; without that the Army may not be as effective, rendering constitutional protection an intricate task. Army leaders and soldiers alike develop their own types of experiences and knowledge in skill sets they embrace. Once combined, experience and knowledge create a professional force that has proven to outlast the strongest enemy. The white paper did stress the effects that a decade of war had on our professional force and leaderships desire to recommit to a culture of service, responsibilities and behaviors of our profession to restore our professional state to 100%. To the highest level, leaders today must comprehend that their efficiency relies on their capability ...

Major General George McClellan in the Civil War

Major General George McClellan in the Civil War George Brinton McClellan was born December 23, 1826 in Philadelphia, PA. The third child of Dr. George McClellan and Elizabeth Brinton, McClellan briefly attended the University of Pennsylvania in 1840 before leaving to pursue legal studies. Bored with the law, McClellan elected to seek a military career two years later. With the aid of President John Tyler, McClellan received an appointment to West Point in 1842 despite being a year younger than the typical entry age of sixteen. In school, many of McClellans close friends, including A.P. Hill and Cadmus Wilcox, were from the South and would later become his adversaries during the Civil War. His classmates included future notable generals in Jesse L. Reno, Darius N. Couch, Thomas Stonewall Jackson, George Stoneman, and George Pickett. An ambitious student while at the academy, he developed a great interest in the military theories of Antoine-Henri Jomini and Dennis Hart Mahan. Graduating second in his class in 1846, he was assigned to the Corps of Engineers and ordered to remain at West Point. Mexican-American War This duty was brief as he was soon dispatched to the Rio Grande for service in the Mexican-American War. Arriving off the Rio Grande too late to take part in Major General Zachary Taylors campaign against Monterrey, he fell ill for a month with dysentery and malaria. Recovering, he shifted south to join General Winfield Scott for the advance on Mexico City. Preforming reconnaissance missions for Scott, McClellan gained invaluable experience and earned a brevet promotion to first lieutenant for his performance at Contreras and Churubusco. This was followed by a brevet to captain for his actions at the Battle of Chapultepec. As the war was brought to a successful conclusion, McClellan also learned the value of balancing political and military affairs as well as maintaining relations with civilian populations. Interwar Years McClellan returned to a training role at West Point after the war and oversaw a company of engineers. Settling into a series of peacetime assignments, he wrote several training manuals, aided in the construction of Fort Delaware, and took part in an expedition up the Red River led by his future father-in-law Captain Randolph B. Marcy. A skilled engineer, McClellan was later assigned to survey routes for the transcontinental railroad by Secretary of War Jefferson Davis. Becoming a favorite of Davis, he conducted an intelligence mission to Santo Domingo in 1854, before being promoted to captain the following year and posted to the 1st Cavalry Regiment. Due to his language skills and political connections, this assignment was brief and later that year he was dispatched as an observer to the Crimean War. Returning in 1856, he wrote of his experiences and developed training manuals based on European practices. Also during this time, he designed the McClellan Saddle for use by the US Army. Electing to capitalize on his railroad knowledge, he resigned his commission on January 16, 1857 and became the chief engineer and vice president of the Illinois Central Railroad. In 1860, he also became the president of the Ohio and Mississippi Railroad. Tensions Rise Though a gifted railroad man, McClellans primary interest remained the military and he considered returning the US Army and becoming a mercenary in support of Benito Jurez. Marrying Mary Ellen Marcy on May 22, 1860 in New York City, McClellan was an avid supporter of Democrat Stephen Douglas in the 1860 presidential election. With the election of Abraham Lincoln and the resulting Secession Crisis, McClellan was eagerly sought by several states, including Pennsylvania, New York, and Ohio, to lead their militia. An opponent of federal interference with slavery, he was also quietly approached by the South but refused citing his rejection of the concept of secession. Building an Army Accepting Ohios offer, McClellan was commissioned a major general of volunteers on April 23, 1861. In place four days, he wrote a detailed letter to Scott, now general-in-chief, outlining two plans for winning the war. Both were dismissed by Scott as unfeasible which led to tensions between the two men. McClellan re-entered federal service on May 3 and was named commander of the Department of the Ohio. On May 14, he received a commission as a major general in the regular army making him second in seniority to Scott. Moving to occupy western Virginia to protect the Baltimore Ohio Railroad, he courted controversy by announcing that he would not interfere with slavery in the area. Pushing through Grafton, McClellan won a series of small battles, including Philippi, but began to display the cautious nature and unwillingness to fully commit his command to battle that would dog him later in the war. The only Union successes to date, McClellan was ordered to Washington by President Lincoln after Brigadier General Irvin McDowells defeat at First Bull Run. Reaching the city on July 26, he was made commander of the Military District of the Potomac and immediately began assembling an army out of the units in the area. An adept organizer, he worked tirelessly to create the Army of the Potomac and cared deeply for the welfare of his men. In addition, McClellan ordered an extensive series of fortifications constructed to protect the city from Confederate attack. Frequently butting heads with Scott regarding strategy, McClellans favored fighting a grand battle rather than implementing Scotts Anaconda Plan. Also, he insistence on not interfering with slavery drew ire from Congress and the White House. As the army grew, he became increasingly convinced that the Confederate forces opposing him in northern Virginia badly outnumbered him. By mid-August, he believed that enemy strength numbered around 150,000 when in fact it seldom exceeded 60,000. Additionally, McClellan became highly secretive and refused to share strategy or basic army information with Scott and Lincolns cabinet. To the Peninsula In late October, the conflict between Scott and McClellan came to a head and the elderly general retired. As a result, McClellan was made general-in-chief, despite some misgivings from Lincoln. Increasingly more secretive regarding his plans, McClellan openly disdained the president, referring to him as a well-mannered baboon, and weakened his position through frequent insubordination. Facing growing anger over his inaction, McClellan was called to the White House on January 12, 1862 to explain his campaign plans. At the meeting, he outlined a plan calling for the army to move down the Chesapeake to Urbanna on the Rappahannock River before marching to Richmond. After several additional clashes with Lincoln over strategy, McClellan was forced to revise his plans when Confederate forces withdrew to a new line along the Rappahannock. His new plan called for landing at Fortress Monroe and advancing up the Peninsula to Richmond. Following the Confederate withdraw, he came under heavy criticism for allowing their escape and was removed as general-in-chief on March 11, 1862. Embarking six days later, the army began a slow movement to the Peninsula. Failure on the Peninsula Advancing west, McClellan moved slowly and again was convinced that he faced a larger opponent. Stalled at Yorktown by Confederate earthworks, he paused to bring up siege guns. These proved unnecessary as the enemy fell back. Crawling forward, he reached a point four miles from Richmond when he was attacked by General Joseph Johnston at Seven Pines on May 31. Though his line held, the high casualties shook his confidence. Pausing for three weeks to await reinforcements, McClellan was again attacked on June 25 by forces under General Robert E. Lee. Quickly losing his nerve, McClellan began falling back during a series of engagements known as the Seven Days Battles. This saw inconclusive fighting at Oak Grove on June 25 and a tactical Union victory at Beaver Dam Creek the next day. On June 27, Lee resumed his attacks and won a victory at Gaines Mill. Subsequent fighting saw Union forces driven back at Savages Station and Glendale before finally making at stand at Malvern Hill on July 1. Concentrating his army at Harrisons Landing on the James River, McClellan remained in place protected by the guns of the US Navy. The Maryland Campaign While McClellan remained on the Peninsula calling for reinforcements and blaming Lincoln for his failure, the president appointed Major General Henry Halleck as general-in-chief and ordered Major General John Pope to form the Army of Virginia. Lincoln also offered command of the Army of the Potomac to Major General Ambrose Burnside, but he declined. Convinced that the timid McClellan would not make another attempt on Richmond, Lee moved north and crushed Pope at the Second Battle of Manassas on August 28-30. With Popes force shattered, Lincoln, against the wishes of many Cabinet members, returned McClellan to overall command around Washington on September 2. Joining Popes men to the Army of the Potomac, McClellan moved west with his reorganized army in pursuit of Lee who had invaded Maryland. Reaching Frederick, MD, McClellan was presented with a copy of Lees movement orders which had been found by a Union soldier. Despite a boastful telegram to Lincoln, McClellan continued to move slowly allowing Lee to occupy the passes over South Mountain. Attacking on September 14, McClellans cleared the Confederates away at the Battle of South Mountain. While Lee fell back to Sharpsburg, McClellan advanced to Antietam Creek east of the town. An intended attack on the 16th was called off allowing Lee to dig in. Beginning the Battle of Antietam early on the 17th, McClellan established his headquarters far to the rear and was unable to exert personal control over his men. As a result, the Union attacks were not coordinated, allowing the outnumbered Lee to shift men to meet each in turn. Again believing that it was he who was badly outnumbered, McClellan refused to commit two of his corps and held them in reserve when their presence on the field would have been decisive. Though Lee retreated after the battle, McClellan had missed a key opportunity to crush a smaller, weaker army and perhaps end the war in the East. Relief 1864 Campaign In the wake of the battle, McClellan failed to pursue Lees wounded army. Remaining around Sharpsburg, he was visited by Lincoln. Again angered by McClellans lack of activity, Lincoln relieved McClellan on November 5, replacing him with Burnside. Though a poor field commander, his departure was mourned by the men who felt that Little Mac had always worked to care for them and their morale. Ordered to report to Trenton, NJ to await orders by Secretary of War Edwin Stanton, McClellan was effectively sidelined. Though public calls for his return were issued after the defeats at Fredericksburg and Chancellorsville, McClellan was left to write an account of his campaigns. Nominated as the Democratic candidate for the presidency in 1864, McClellan was hamstrung by his personal view that the war should be continued and the Union restored and the partys platform which called for an end to the fighting and a negotiated peace. Facing Lincoln, McClellan was undone by the deep divide in the party and numerous Union battlefield successes which bolstered the National Union (Republican) ticket. On election day, he was defeated by Lincoln who won with 212 electoral votes and 55% of the popular vote. McClellan only garnered 21 electoral votes. Later Life In the decade after the war, McClellan enjoyed two long trips to Europe and returned to the world of engineering and railroads. In 1877, he was nominated as the Democratic candidate for governor of New Jersey. He won the election and served a single term, leaving office in 1881. An avid supporter of Grover Cleveland, he had hoped to be named secretary of war, but political rivals blocked his appointment. McClellan suddenly died on October 29, 1885, after suffering from chest pains for several weeks. He was buried at Riverview Cemetery in Trenton, NJ.

Energy Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Energy - Assignment Example 1. Electrical energy: I use electrical energy originating from the state’s power house and travelling through power lines to reach my machines. The energy is renewable as the power plants are hydro-electric. In my chosen location, Sumter South Carolina, the most appropriate renewable source of energy is electrical energy. This is because the power house of South Carolina uses water to generate electricity. Water is ample here as there is good water management in this state. Rainwater also accumulates in dams which becomes a good source of electricity. Some people have also implemented solar panels but that is not a good idea as the changing season does not provide ample solar energy all the year. The two inappropriate sources of energy in this location include chemical energy and radiant energy. Chemical energy becomes inappropriate when people burn coal and other fossils for fire and other purposes. This causes pollution, thus making the environment not so green. An alternative is to use heat energy from gas heaters since South Carolina has a number of natural gas providers. Radiant energy, which originates from electromagnetic waves, is inappropriate when people use it to cook or warm food through unnatural means, such as the microwave. People are using microwaves more and more often to cook food, which makes it harmful when the radiant energy of the microwave comes into contact with the food particles over a prolonged period of time. Electrical energy is a safer alternative allowing local people to cook food on stoves. The advent of technology has greatly facilitated the implementation of renewable energy resources. Stapleton (2010, p.178) states that since there are billions of people who do not have access to clean water, sanitation, and modern services that produce affordable energy, the need for renewable energy (RE) technologies will be on its rise in the coming years to cater to the

World Bank Anti-Corruption Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

World Bank Anti-Corruption - Essay Example Across several studies it has been shown that one standard deviation above the mean of corruption lowers investment rates by approximately three points, and lowers the average growth by almost one point per year (Kaufmann & Vicente, 2005). The World Bank (WB) seeks to monitor corruption across aided projects and developing nations (WB, 2006 a, b). To enable this to occur, the WB employs a multi-disciplinary staff with almost half of its employees located in country offices, who actively contribute to international policy formation (WB, 2006b). This paper is a formal application to the WB to demonstrate understanding of corruption issues and commitment to upholding anti-corruption business practices as determined by the WB. Firstly, a clear definition of corruption for this paper will be presented. Secondly, developing countries that currently experiences corruption will be highlighted. Thirdly, WB anti-corruption policies and protocols will be discussed, including a brief about anti-corruption considerations as a WB staff member. Next, the ability of the WB to address corruption will be debated, and best practices from around the globe will be outlined. Then, suggestions as to how the WB could effectively tackle corruption will be proposed. Finally, a conclusion shall synthesize the main points and demonstrate that this application aligns with the WB ethos of anti-corruption. Traditionall Traditionally, corruption has been defined in terms of 'the abuse of public office for private gain' (Kaufmann & Vicente, 2005). In this regard, corruption is viewed illegal, such as in the form of administration bribery, fraud or misappropriation of resources (Kaufmann & Vicente, 2005; WB, 2006a). Recently though, the term corruption has become associated with other less obvious acts, such as complicity between representatives of both the public and the private sectors. Further, collusion between parties may be considered a legal activity in some countries, such as lobbying contributions that allow legislations to be passed.Kaufmann and Vicente suggest an alternate definition to clarify corporate corruption, which in turn affects public corruption. Corruption can thus be described as "a collusive agreement between a part of the agents of the economy who, as a consequence, are able to swap [over time] in terms of positions of power (i.e. are able to capture, together, t he allocation process of the economy) (2). In this form, corruption represents high-level 'influence,' extending on the act of bribery and reflects "a particular sharing pattern of the joint payoff from the referred relationship" (3). They provide the example of a politician with strong business relationships within the private sector that are exploited for the benefit of each party, also known colloquially as "you scratch my back, I'll scratch yours". Kaufmann and Vicente's comprehensive and salient definition will be used for this paper.With regard to nations that are acknowledged to have experienced widespread corruption, they include Bangladesh, Indonesia, Chile, Paraguay, Lithuania and Russia, as just a few of the countries noted by the WB to have had extensive corruption practices (WB, 2006e). These nations have firms and individuals listed as ineligible for future WB aid for a proscribed period as they were identified as having broken anti-corruption standards as determined b y the Procurement Guidelines or the Consultants Guidelines,

Walmart. Final project Lab Report Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Walmart. Final project - Lab Report Example SWOT analysis refers to the evaluation of an organization strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats. A SWOT analysis offers an insight into an organization management strategy and the potential for success. Wal-Mart is an international company that provides home-based products at affordable prices. The company utilizes its strength in each of the market distributed worldwide, to meet the demands of their international and regional consumers. This paper seeks to provide a strategic insight of the company and a detailed SWOT analysis. Wal-Mart is a large wholesale distributor in the world that can afford modern construction technologies. For instance, during the year 2011, the company was ranked position one by Fortune 500 (Morse & Glassman, 30-40). Its operations are distributed worldwide and there is no worthy rival. Owing to its large influence on the market, Wal-Mart has the potential to replicate its best architectural techniques in all its stalls across the world (Roberts & Berg, 40). Wal-Mart uses variety of construction materials such as red bricks, steel-iron alloys, and coagulated tiles. In addition, it can suit its construction model with its retail products that cover cuts across different categories including apparels, domestic wares, and grocery. Wal-Mart’s dominant position allows it to benefit from high sales volume. In general, Wal-Mart’s strength includes international operations, scale of operations, wide range of products and cost leadership strategy (Hicks, 20-25). Wal-Mart is large supplier of domestic products and operates vast centers that require large construction space. This acts as a disadvantage as the company limit cannot expand beyond urban areas due to space. Research has shown that Wal-Mart has experienced loss in its store sales for the last eight years due to limited space (Kneer, 24). As such, Wal-Mart is required to develop new stores to accommodate fully its strengths concentrated in urban areas. This is