Trial By the Mirror Essay Example for Free

Trial By the Mirror EssayUnderneath the shadows of the other(a) side of timeIf there is a hell then there must be a behind-Insane Clown Posse, Echo Side She is direct into the room by two strong men, plump and middle age. The dark blonde hair quivers as she sobs. Her legs tremble and give way, and her eyes, fallen in deep an a face that was formerly round, are pleading. She is flopped down onto the chair designated for those condemned to the Highest Measure, and looks at us, holding clenched hands to her mouth. We Nikolas and I look at her indifferently. Marjorie Penant. Nickolas states. She nods numbly. You have killed He starts repeating her sentence to her. We are required to do it. Psychological torture it may be, but its part of the common procedure at present. Something required before we eat our job. It is difficult otherwise, to I have killed no one Her articulate rings out suddenly, kicking my train of thought off track. Damn condemned Yet this alone may have been worth interrupting my musings for a moment. Most condemned lose all sense of will before the Highest Measure. She stands now, shaking non with fear, but with rage. Nikolas nods slightly, his perpetual tiresomeness somewhat alleviated. Interesting and it would seem its my turn to speak. Really? Only one word. I know my voice is darkly musical. This is my gift, my power, so to speak. The word echoes almost visibly through her body, making her consider and reconsider, invoking into her things that she might not deprivation to remember, as forceful as the call of hunger after many days of starvation. She covers her ears, and stands lift for a couple of seconds, only to fall to the floor with a shriek. N-no My lips curl into a smirk. As expected. Ninety-nine percent of humans cant stand my voice sBut whats this? I Killed Nobody She grunts through clenched teeth. Ive Killed NOBODY I cast a glance at Nikolas, who calmly continues reading her sentence. You have killed three childre n, by exposing them to Matters of the Soul early. She raises a tear-stained face, and her voice is strangely clear, as she pronounces I. Killed. Not. One. Of. Them. She sits up with obvious difficulty. Your system did. You went against it. And took them with you. Nikolas says calmly. Because its nonsense She says sharply. I raise an eyebrow calmly. Looks like I was fake in my first impression. She is not the simpleton she initially looked to be. I had even wondered why she earned her measure. I no longer wonder. Really? You are atrocious this is what my voice says this time. You decided their fates, and their deaths are only your fault. You should cry with relief that we are a humane society and merely killed them not did what we are going to do to you. Be self-contemptuous, be afraid, be dead my voice commands it all. Nonsense She gasps stubbornly. Th The soul Isnt something to be taken away by the likes of you Pedagogue. Nikolas says calmly. Parts of the soul are shown as a h uman being gets older. Gradually. It does no harm this way. And destroys our humanity She says proudly. So typical of the old-style humanists. Nikolas looks to me. Laas? You destroy it yourself. I add calmly. Was it not you who cried for your life a minute ago? I cried for the lives of my children. She replies dryly. Not for my own. It is in no danger. You have been condemned to meeting yourself. Nikolas finishes the sentence. And then adds You are wrong when you think your life is in no danger. You have been through meeting with parts of your soul. And they have taught me much. She raises her chin proudly. The shadows do not teach. I frown. They take away. She looks upon me with an expression I have not seen since my initiation. It is pity. so you were unable to cope with their lessons. As the fourth child was unable to cope with mine. And it will kill you. As it killed them. And you. I reply. No. She says simply. Go on. I want no other last words. I and Nikolas silently lead her to the silver arch. She is left under it, as we walk to the sides of it. We press our palms to the sides pf the arch, and darkness begins playing in the midst of it, almost touching it. The feeling of stepping through the arch is like skydiving, I know. Without a parachute. She throws her hands up. Nothing is true Everything is permitted And jumps through the arch. The darkness swallows her, and wavers, as the weapon starts working Nikolas turns to me. I think we will have a new one among us. I scrutinize the arch. The gate to the Other Side was reserved for those who did not deserve the Death Penalty. Especially those who committed the ultimate crime against humanity destroyed the integrity of society by teaching younglings active souls before they were in full grown. This was the standard tactic of terrorists these days. Most return from the arch dead, a cruel death. It contains a realm of endless madness, among which, somewhere, is your own self, inflicting the insanity. I k now all about it. After all, I had once stood before the same gate myself. The darkness wavers once more, as it spits out the woman who was Marjorie. Her eyes are dead now that she knows what she has been teaching her children. Sanity is limitation, after all. Those who break limitations too early, die to the world. Who survive death, learn to control limits. Nikolas extends his hand to her. Come. He says soothingly. You have much to learn.

Crime and Voilence in Jamamica Essay Example for Free

Crime and Voilence in Jamamica EssayThe Primary Factors Contri exclusivelying to Crime and Violence in Jamaica. Jamaica is a society which has been affected by wickedness and forcefulness over the past years, and is continuously been affect by this phenomenal. Crime and violence involves the intent or use of psychological and physical force or power against oneself or a nonher to do harm (Hoffman, 2009). Jamaica is a province plagued by abomination and violence, in particular in urban areas. Jamaica since 1977 has become the Caribbean nation with the highest homicide rove in its citizenry and continues to hold this position (Harriott, 2007. ) The primary contri aloneing factors for crime and violence in Jamaica is a challenge to identify as crime and violence arse thrive in so many environments. However the proximate or primary factors can be classified as corruption, demographics, unemployment, destabilized family, weak legal expert system, an interconnecting network of criminal gangs, drugs running, politics and the police.According to Harriott, Demographics are a background factor which is contributing to crime and angry in Jamaica. In Jamaica the age multitude 15-29 is held responsible for most of the violent crimes committed within the country. In particular males in this age company are the choice offenders, they are also prime victims. Over the past years the age group 15-29 has being expanding rapidly. As a result the factor behind our high crime consider is the bulky population of ages 15 -29. Due to this high perpennyage in the age group 15-25 there is an increase in juvenile and violent crime especially where there is the availability of guns. Harriott further utter that we currently experiencing the worst demographic factor for m 1985, and this will continue until 2020 where we are expected to see an 87 per cent decline of its 1995 size. Urbanization is the second factor, which in order to understand the demographics factors one m ust associate the two factors.Coming from being 30 per cent urban in 1960, Jamaica was about 60 per cent urban in the year 2000. There is also a process of secondary urbanization in St James (3.7 per cent), Mandeville (3.1 per cent), St Ann (2.4 per cent), and Kingston and St Andrew (2.3 per cent) which had the largest percentage increase in population between 1996 and 1998. From these figures above one can say that there is a decline in the rural population and an increase growth for secondary urbanization, in the tourist and bauxite towns of Montego Bay, Mandeville, and Ocho Rios. All parish capitals are experiencing urbanizations as a result the high risk group (ages 15-29) is being increasingly compacted in dense, poor, urban neighborhoods, (Slums). This problem points to potential for high crimes rates in Kingston and St Andrew and St Catherine, which is also exported to other developing urban centers. mellow rate of youth employment is also one of the leading factors of crime and violent in Jamaica. The rate of unemployment in Jamaica is 17.5 per cent. .Unemployment in Jamaica especially among Jamaican teenage leads to poverty, idleness, low self-esteem, frustration, and eventually crime and violence according to Don Anderson survey. Employment is seen as the way to survive so without work youths tends to be weaken and thus this leads to idleness, which leads to badness, gang wars, and crime and violence. Youths also admits that they would have less time and energy to steal and commit other crimes if they were working. Harriott stated that in 1998 the unemployment rate for 14-29 age groups was 26.5 per cent. This rate consists of 18.9 per cent young males, and 35 per cent young females. (Anderson 1998). The unemployment rate for young males (14-29) in Kingston Metropolitan Area was 17.8 per cent in 1998, compared to 26.5 per cent in other towns and 17 per cent in rural areas.In St A Andrew and Kingston there is a pressure on young males for economic make form baby mothers, mothers, siblings and other family members. This is one of the reasons for robbery, car theft, pick pocketing in the Corporate Area. (Gayle 1999). The high unemployment rate in other rapidly urbanizing inner-city areas such as Ocho Rios, May Pen, Mandeville, Montego Bay and Savanna-la-mar, also will lead to crime disaster as in Kingston and St Andrew. Employment is seen as very beneficiary and not been employed in Jamaica especially its youths can lead to crime and violence among males, and teenage pregnancy and dependency on men, abuse and domestic violence for female. Destabilized family organize including poor parenting can also be look at as a factor that contributes to crime and violence in Jamaica. Jamaican society has been a great deal referred to as a matrifocal society.Many families are female headed households without the presence of a male figure. Children from these household manifest a number of internalizing and externalizing behavior problems , including sadness, depression, delinquency, aggression, sex lineament difficulties, early initiation of sexual activity and teen pregnancy, as well as poor social and adoptive functioning and low self-esteem. The absence of centering in parental or societal role models leaves a gap which is filled by peer groups, particular among men. According to the Grace Kennedy Foundation utter (1991), peer group actually replaces mother and fathers as the controlling agents. Traditional role models become replaced by gun and this result in the emergence of Dons and robin hoods. Low self-esteem is also a consequence of poor parenting. Youths with low self-esteem carve respect from peers and others, and if been disrespected this can fuel problems among individuals.Harriott besides stated that countering this however is the gun, which notes the ultimate guarantor of respect. With this in view the inner-city don become role model for youths, not only because of their ability to command and di spense largess, but Corruption is also a crucial primary factor. According to Harriott, police that reduce unjust inequalities are likely to reduce some categories of violent crime, but research findings cast some doubts that in Jamaica they would have contribute to the murder rate due to corruption. Transparency international, measured the degree to which corruption exist among public officials and politicians, and produce an annual corruption index. For 2005 Jamaica attained a score of 3.6 out of 10 and rank 64 out of 159 countries surveyed. Organizational crime in Jamaica has been facilitated by corruption, relationship between ordinary criminal gangs and the major(ip) political institutions. Harriott further stated that gangs are key players in the processes of political mobilization on the streets, securing electoral victories, and in consolidating power -often because of their hold on communities of the urban poor.This relationship leads to a flourishing of corruption, and pl under of the resources of the state. Corruption facilitates skillful crimes, and endemic corruption, ensures the freedom of action to progress to successful criminal enterprises. This is most problematic and yet most evident in police service where corruption is endemic and institutionalized. From interviews which were conducted by Special trade union movement on Crime selected JFC personnel from different ranks expressed the view that the majority of their senior officers were corrupt within the Force. Some of these corrupt practices among members of the force include iron killing or murder for hire, tampering with biological exhibits, e.g. urine samples, dropping charges, including serious offences, planting evidence, providing escort for illegal drugs etc.A weak malefactor Justice System also facilitates criminal activities within the country. Where there are high levels of corruption and influence easily immunizes high-end criminals against police action. This is certainly t he case in Jamaica. Moreover, the criminal justice system is, in one respect, antiquated and overload and thus unable to effectively respond to the more sophisticated criminal groups. Harriott stated that associated institutions, including the existing body of integritys, are also, in some respects, antiquate for dealing with crime. The case-load of the investigative units of the police is a good indicator of the degree of immunity from law enforcement (not crime-fighting) that is enjoyed by criminals. For effectiveness, the number of investigators should be greater than the number of cases to be investigated. Instead, a single divisional homicide investigator is, for example, burdened with a case-load of twelve to fifteen homicides, and this was in 2000(PERF 2001,49).Not surprisingly, in 2004, the clear-up rate for murder 9 the number of arrests as a percentage of all reported murders) was 44.8 per cent, and the clear-up rate of violent crimes, that is, the most serious offence ag ainst person (murder, shootings, rape and robbery aggregated) was 39.8 per cent (PIOJ2005, 24.30). For serious crimes, the clear-up rates are poor, and given the case-loads ratios, the reliance rates are unsurprisingly low. In the case of murder, the conviction rate is estimates at less than 20 per cent. As a result the justice system in Jamaica is very weak in frightening against crime. Jamaica can be described as an interconnecting network of criminal gangs, drugs running, politics and the police. Therefore Gangs, Drugs and Politics can also be discussed as primary contributing factors to crime and violence in Jamaica. There are about forty- nine active gangs in Jamaica, but only a small number (14 per cent) are super organized.According to Harriott the highly organized gangs are deeply involved in the following activities trafficking cocaine, marijuana and crack, both locally and overseas. It is also said that there is a significant Colombian drugs activity in Jamaica. Another major criminal activity for criminal gangs is protection and extortion rackets in business district in Inner-city areas. personal line of credit places pay funds to gangs in order for security, that their business and their customers are not robbed. This money is an important source of income for violent criminal gangs. According to Harriott this is extortion, which is a contributor to violent crimes in Kingston and St Andrew. It is also claimed that highly organized gangs operate a quasi-judicial system, complete with hearing witness and a rough schedule of punishment, including enslavement and the death penalty. Theses criminal gangs are also allegedly engaged in the large scale illegal importation of goods such as red peas, onions and readiness oil. Harriott stated that is may not directly constitute violent crime, nonetheless strengthens these groups economically, weakens legitimate firms, etc. major gangs are said to be connected to the major political parties.This relation ship between gang and political parties stands to be beneficial to both sides. In election gangs secure votes for political parties, and keep the peace during elegant disturbances, which the most important benefit for gangs from political parties is protection from police. According to Harriott the main criminal gangs and the political parties have major stake in maintaining the existing corrupt relationship. Jamaica has been significantly affected by violence and crime. Violent crimes are one of Jamaicas major issues, for the past twenty year. According to Harriott the country has experience an overwhelming increase in murders and related assaults. The World Bank noted that crime is undermining growth, threatening human welfare, and impeding social development. Therefore the regimen and citizens of Jamaica has to take serious measures to reduce or eliminate the primary factors contributing to crime and violence.According to Harriott the only long term sustainable solution to the violent crimes problem in Jamaica is the recovery of the formal economy. Therefore the presidential term must continue its plan of macroeconomic management. This may have short term cast out social consequences, but in the end will lead to more job creation and a reduction in crime. Harriott further stated that the government must embark on a programme, however limited of formal economic activities in the inner city. The government could also develop a programme of physical upgrading in the inner city. This could involve fixing drains, improving sanitation, roads surfaces and housing, and beautification.This could add real value to properties in the inner city, as well as generating employment and improving the already and demoralizing physical environment. The failure of the educational system, for both the employed and unemployed have to be rectified also. One the government needs to find the causes of the high male drop- out rate. The NPC could also develop a special task for ce on education and training, and a authority to begin the necessary and urgent programme of restructuring and reprogramming. The most immediate measure which can be taken by the government is to control gun and ammunition. reference workGovernment of Jamaica. (2007). National Security Policy Towards a Secure and Prosperous Nation. Kingston Government of Jamaica.Gutierrez, I. M. (2009). Development and implementation of crime and violence observatories A jibe for public policy. III Inter-American Forum on Violence Prevention and Citizen Security Addressing Crime and Violence in the Latin American and Caribbean Region. Kingston. Jamaica Jamaica Conference Centre.Harriott, A. D. (2008). Bending the stylus line The challenge of controlling violence in Jamaica and the high violence societies of the Caribbean.Harriott, A.D.(2008). Organized Crime and Politics in Jamaica Breaking the Nexus. Kingston University of the West Indies Press.Harriott, A.D. sense Crime in Jamaica New challen ges for public policy. Kingston University of the West Indies Press.Hoffman, J. S. (2009). Engaging citizens in crime and violence prevention Emerging approaches. III Inter- in American Forum on Violence Prevention and Citizen Security Addressing Crime and Violence the Latin American and Caribbean Region. Kingston, Jamaica Jamaica Conference Centre.McLean, J., Harriott, A., Ward, E., Buchannan, J., and Karia, R. 2008. Jamaica Community-Based Policing Assessment. Kingston Jamaica Constabulary Force and USAID.

Impact of Adderall

Impact of AdderallHigher and HigherWithin weeks of deceiving his doctor into prescribing Adderall, Jamison Monroes marker rose steadily through Christmas. That D in biology raised to a B and heading higher. As far as his parents were concerned, what had been holding keister their son for the get-go two months of high school was his ADHD. No one suspected a thing.Jamison kept Adderalls dire effects to himself. He got horribly dehydrated, particularly in the spring when he played on the baseball team. So as sophomore year began, he gave up sports and started taking the pills only on the nights he needed to cram.In the spend after his freshman year, Jamison attend his older sisters wedding. He enjoyed a strange new feeling as he tasted the champagne. He had tasted alcohol before, but this time it untended his body. Before long, he had five flutes of champagne and a few glasses of white wine. He ended up puking in the bathroom. But he woke up the next morning wanting to do it again. Champagne was too expensive, so Jamison began heading to hard liquor stores for beers with lead of his buddies. First on weekends and then as a r bulge outine after school. His friends would take hours to sober up, but Jamison had a secret any brouhaha was solved with another pill.By the end of sophomore year, the twelve-packs became Jack Daniels and snowfall. On the last day of classes, Jamison and his two buddies went to McDonalds for food and to demand cups, lids, and straws to disguise their Jack and Coke from any curious cops. By noon they came spikelet to school with one last plan. Their English teacher, Mrs. Morse, was on away for the week. Maybe the final exam was in her office. While they were in Mrs. Morses office copying down the questions and answers, they heard footsteps. Jamison threw everything back in the drawer and they got out. They were walking slowly down the hall when Peter, one of Jamisons buddies, completed that they had left a piece of paper with his na me and Jamisons handwriting in the office. They went back to retrieve it. The footsteps had belonged to a teacher who had locked Mrs. Morses office and watched from down the hall as the boys jerked the doorknob with increasing panic. The three boys were immediately expelled from St. Johns.With Jamisons good reputation, Episcopal High was told everything about Jamisons incident and still admitted him. During his junior and senior days, he found out that Adderall countered not just the effects of alcohol, but also the lethargy from the marijuana he began to enjoy. But Adderall couldnt keep his grades up. But he had scored a respectable 1320 out of 1600 on the SAT, the University of Texas would admit him if he went to its summer program and received at least a B in biology. He figured he needed to get at least 98 to raise his D to a B. With lots Adderall and cramming in the final week he got a 100.Jamisons summer at Texass summer program taught him a new and improved way to enjoy his Adderall snorting it. Most experts agree that the effects of cocaine and stimulants, when snorted, can be remarkably similar. Jamisons first semester at the University of Texas became a mood-modulating haze of alcohol, Adderall, and Valium.Jamison went home to Houston during Thanksgiving break. He was arrested for DUI and ultimately bailed out by his parents. A judge required him to be examined by a psychologist who told the family that Jamison had three options kill himself in a car accident kill someone else in a car accident or go to medicine rehab. Jamison decided to go the drug rehab.Nestled on a peninsula fifty miles north of Seattle, Gray Wolf Ranch was like Club Med. Up to xiv young men would blend their addiction therapy with outdoor fun. He was allowed no alcohol, pot, cocaine, or any other drugs except for his daily dose of Adderall.Jamison emerged after three and a half months totally sober, except for his continued affinity for amphetamines. He returned to college, av oided his old UT temptations by enrolling at the University of St. Thomas in Houston. Two years later, he made the St. Thomas deans list and posted a 3.8 grade point average. Adderall had a lot to do with it. He was still using the pills to study. later on Jamison transferred back to Texas to try to finish his government degree there, he returned to his old cycle of cramming with Adderall. By Christmas he had failed out of the University of Texas for a second time. He went back to rehab to a different treatment center in southern California.This time, therapies pushed Jamison to explore his Adderall use specifically. His father joined the therapy sessions and got to know his son. He asked Jamison what he wanted to do. Jamison verbalize he wanted to open his own treatment center for teenagers like he was when this all stared. His father offered his support. He told Jamison if he learned the ropes by work at some other treatment centers for a whole, and developed a legitimate busine ss plan, he would provide some seed money.In abut 2006, Jamison left rehab for the final time. He got a job as a counselor at a local treatment center in gray California and moved up the ladder and began managing the medication window. He spent his nights churning out a business plan for his own treatment center, estimating $6 million in start up cost. His father had wealthy friends and associates who remembered Jamisons smarts and trusted that he had finally turned the corner.By April 2008, Jamison had assembled enough investors to start building a girls-only program. Newport Academy officially open on May 12. One week later, a 17-year-old girl named Kristin Parber joined the program to get off cocaine and vodka.

Plato on Gender: An analysis

Plato on Gender An analysisPlato on GenderPlatonic advocacy of young-bearing(prenominal) public scrap as articulated in Republic V challenges an organizational ethos by which the activities, move handst, and behavior of women were severely restricted. Indeed the share of women in Platos political ism is arguably at odds, not only with the negative and oppressive depiction of women in Athenian philosophical thought at large, save also with the broader Platonic corpus which seems to speak to the natural inferiority of distaffs. Plato advances the radical argument that insofar as the body and disposition atomic number 18 distinct, women and men whitethorn serve coequally in the guardianship of the state. That is, assuming that the nature of a person is independent of his/her body, and to such an extent as each personist should be assigned maneuver suited to his nature, both sexes will be capable of performing all the functions needed by the city, including philosophy, despi te the innate and inevitable inferiority of women (Okin, 1979). Yet however liberalist his embrace of women in terms of their capacity to assume political, ethical, and intellectual responsibilities alongside men the evidence suggests that Plato did not stand for a liberationist philosophy that elevates women to the moral term of men. Only by examining the proposals of Republic V with an eye toward the overriding aims and structure of the ideal society do Platos apparent contradictions in his views toward women become apparent. charm his views on women were no doubt revolutionary for the day, the degree to which Plato was motivated by an egalitarian ethic remains an unresolved question. We must remember that Plato was a harvest-feast of a society locked into a rigid patrimonial order in which the confinement of respectable women was de rigeur and where upper mannikin women were ranged primarily as instruments of counter and legitimacy (Pomeroy, 1975). The Athenian wo adult m asculine of citizen class was secluded within the parental home until she became a ward of the matrimonial kinfolk, where she was expected to exercise her maternal responsibilities, especially the breeding of sons. She was likewise controlled and deprived with respect to her sexuality, without the compensation of all participation in life outside the domestic sphere (Okin, 1979). Socialization with men at any level, even within the confines of the home, was not consistent with her service to the household and commitment to chastity, frugality, and silence (Pomeroy, 1975).In conceptual terms, meanwhile, emotionalism and want of willpower were seen as products of female nature reserving bravery, norms of reason, and objectivity for men within the intellectual and institutional structure (Just, 1989). Thus to the extent that women were devoid of moral agency and self-possession, they were overcome to the say-so and guardianship of men, effectively disqualifying them from the rul ing class as a condition of natural dependency. The recurrent theme in the literature is of female subordination and loss of autonomy as a result of excessive physical indulgence women are in bondage to their physical appetites as a lot as those who are legally bound (Just, 1989, p. 186). A wo globe, as such, is unable to subordinate her appetites, desires, and emotions to reason (i.e. higher-order valuations) in pursuit of virtue. A man however, presuming the opportune socio-economic conditions, is free, and therefore is arguably tip overably less, if at all, inclined to fall victim to akratic action. By this reasoning, men maintain the ability to act in accordance with their decisive collapse judgments, while women are seen in connection to and dependent upon their appetitive urges (Politics, 1260a2-12). Hesiods Theogony, for practice, likens the woman to a gluttonous and sexually licentious stomach inflicted on the man to consume the fruits of his labor and weaken his resolv e to self-govern, which, as a free man, he is presumed capable of (Just, 1989, p. 164). Aristotle confirms noting in the Politics that, the woman has a deliberative faculty, simply that it is without authority (Politics, 1260a12-14). Correspondingly, he submits that to a woman, silence brings refinement whereas this does not apply to a man (Politics, 1260a30-31). Hence, as Just comments, the opposition amid those innately possessed of self-control, and those who deficiency it . . . ideologically renders womens subordinated place within the social structure of the polis a natural one (Just, 1989, p. 166).Against this backdrop, it seems unrealistic to believe that Plato was immune to the influences of the historical and cultural standards that emphasize his dialogues. In fact, in the Timaeus, Plato himself explains the inferiority of women in terms of devolution from an buffer creation consisting of men. Those able to master their passions and live virtuously on Earth are grante d passage back to the stars from which they came cowardly and unrighteous men are reborn as women to account for their failures. All male-born humans who lived lives of cowardice or seediness were reborn in the second generation as women (Timaeus, 90e7-8). Indeed victory of the rational over the irrational was the means by which a debased psyche may return to his original condition of excellence, and avoid further degeneration into an animal form appropriate to the evil nature which he had acquired (Timaeus, 42b1-d2).Plato continues to explain that, ultimately, raising results from the union of the womans desire and the mans love an explanation that speaks to appetitive/reason distinction discussed above (Timaeus, 91d1).Thus Plato builds a hierarchy of nigh(a)ness and rationality in which woman is positioned midway mingled with man and beast, a sentiment echoed in the Laws (Okin 1979).The dialogue of Republic V, however, suggests that while human beings butt end differ in man y ways, certain attributes have no bearing on the assignment of different functions to different persons in accordance with their natures. For example, whereas a man with a full head of hair is known to be a good cobbler, the bald man is not necessarily incapable of practicing the alike(p) occupation (Republic V, 454c1-6). There seems, therefore, to be no reason to compute the difference between the sexes in terms of procreative function relevant to whether they should play equal roles in the guardianship of the state (Okin, 1979). Plato thereby manages to reconcile the dialectical opposition between the belief that different natures ought to accord with different pursuits, and the suggestion that the same pursuits be dependent to both sexes in spite of female inferiority. Thus although he asserts that women are generally less capable than men, especially in physical strength, he maintains that individual members of both sexes are capable of concurrently performing all the citys functions, including rule and defense (Okin, 1979).The collective good therefore seems to demand that individual pursuits and education be in keeping with the merits of each, irrespective of sex. That women bear . . . and men beget, Plato reasons, is not tantamount to proof that women ought to be denied the guardian-rearing education provided to their male peers (Republic V, 454d5-12). Accordingly, Plato maintains that the guardians of his state, along with their (collective) wives, ought to enjoy the same pursuits. Just as a male and female doctor have souls of the same nature, so to would Platos purported male and female guardians (Republic V, 454c10-d1). Plato does, however, prescribe a lighter share of defensive duties to women, in keeping with their relative physical weakness and consistent with their assumed level of strength (Republic V, 455d7-e2).Thus although Plato expands the range of activities open to women, the notion (articulated in the Timaeus) that the female form embodies a wicked soul certainly calls into question Platos embrace of the egalitarian ideal as such. To be sure, Plato grounds his emancipation of women in the metaphysical assertion that the body and soul are distinct, such that the body becomes an obstacle to the ambitions and potential of the soul. If a male soul can reside in a female body and vice versa, it follows that a female with a philosophical nature may aspire to go into life as a man to the extent that she severs her attachment and dependence on the body in favor of philosophy (Bar On, 1994). In effect, since the desired gauge of ones soul may be incongruous with ones sexual identity, Plato implies that manliness is not necessarily a function of the body. If female refers to someone connected to the world on a bodily level, and male, to a person elevated to a philosophical plane (Bar On, 1994), then anyone of a capable nature can be considered male as a matter of statecraft.In this vein, Okin argues that Plato share d his fellow Athenians contempt for women, suggesting the emancipation of female guardians was a inevitable byproduct of the dismantling of the family The most important consequence of Platos transformation of the guardian class into a single family is the radical implication it has for the role of women (Okin, 1979, p. 37). perceive the antagonism between the state and the family, Plato seeks to disengage the guardians from all connections and motive which may undermine their dedication to the state, thereby extending the primary ties of kinship end-to-end the ruling class (Okin, 1979, p. 37). Thus Rousseau points to a causal link between the abolition of the family and the granting of equal opportunities to women, such that having dispensed with the individual family in his system of government, and not knowing any longer what to do with women, Plato finds himself forced to turn them into men (Okin, 1979, pp. 37-8). Indeed the need for unity within the ruling class which elimi nated private property and the wifehood, and minimized the role of maternity is critical to the involvement of women in the administration of the city. If for the female guardians the relationship to particular men, children and households has ceased to be crucial, there seems to be no alternative for Plato but to consider women as persons in their own right (Okin, 1979, p. 38).Thus the utilitarian ethic by which Platos seeks communal happiness (eudaimonia) is not built on modern font notions of liberty, justice, or equality of the sexes. Plato appeals to the efficiency, harmony, and moral goodness on which his politics rest the oppression of women notwithstanding. Excellence, not liberty, is his goal, and he rejects liberty as the enemy of excellence (Vlastos, 1994, p. 22). The enkindle of women from the confines of their traditional domestic role absent a suitable outlet for the excesses of female nature would constitute a threat to civil accord, deviation Plato no choice bu t to rethink the matter of womans role and her potential abilities (Okin, 1979). Allen, who explains Platos acceptance of women in the context of a political agenda that does not tolerate any manner of civil discord, and which thereby aims to eliminate potential sources of disorder in the city, also shares this interpretation (Okin, 1979). Arguably then, Plato intends to entertain harmony and unity of purpose by resolving the problem of selfishness and contentious interests through the elimination of private property. Thus where property, inheritance, and marriage are reintroduced as bring down in the Laws of Platos second best city the proprietary status of women renders immaterial Platos frustration with the irrational maintenance of rigid sex roles (Okin, 1979). precondition these basic features of the social structure of the city, it is not surprising that Plato, in spite of general pronouncements to the contrary, is not able to treat or use women as the equals of his male citizens (Okin, 1979, p. 46). Further, and of importance if one is to fairly evaluate Platos concern for all women, though Republic V validates the notion that female talents may extend to opposite crafts under the rubric of maximum efficiency, it proffers nothing toward applying this notion to any but those fortunate enough to be of aristocratic decent.Hence, even if we were to absolve Plato of his (perhaps more subtlety) one-sided inferences observed in conjunction with his emancipation of the female-elite, a comprehensive feminist portrayal of the great philosopher demands that one reconcile his violently opposed views on fair(prenominal) potential as a function of class.What emerges is a Platonic distinction between similarities in the potential range of mens and womens talents and similarities in ability, with the related distinction between equality of opportunity and equality of outcome. Whereas women share by nature in every way of life just as men do, there exists no pur suit of mankind in which the male sex maintains not the gifts and qualities to a higher degree than the female, save for absurd examples of household production (Republic V, 455c4-d7). This distinction helps to explain why Plato defines male guardians as the best of the citizens and the female guardians as less-than, i.e. the best of the women only (Republic V, 456e1-5). By extension, Plato asserts that the female-guardians despite their having been educated in tandem with the males will serve as assistants (i.e. secondary companions of sorts) to their male compatriots (Republic V, 471c2-d4). His description of the optimal brigade arrangement, whereby the guardians would be less likely to desert each otherif their woman joined their campaigns.positioned in the rear to frighten the enemy, and in case their help should ever be needed indubitably indicates this much, while further implying that men harbor greater capability and potential in warfare than do women (Republic V, 471d1-4 ). thereof, in constant reference to the wives of the guardians, and by defining female guardianship in terms of its value to men, Plato betrays the cultural predispositions embedded in language throughout his work. Unsurprisingly, the notion that a woman can do what her fellow man does, but is even so incapable of doing it as well, lies at the heart of feminist objections to Platonic thought.Some suggest that Platos apparent hostility toward women can be explained by appeal to an elitist contempt for a corrupt and inefficient social order under which women fail to meet their potential. Vlatos, for example, adopts a minimalist and conservative conception of in-person rights that intends to reconcile the equality Plato provides for women with the philosophers negative portrayal of women elsewhere (Vlastos, 1994). On Vlastos account, if Platos policies reflect a belief that equality in the rights of persons shall not be denied or abridged on account of sex a claim that bears contr ary to the norms governing the status of Athenian women at the time then Plato is competently characterized as a feminist (Vlastos, 1994, p. 12).On attempting to reconcile the emancipation of the female-elite in Republic V with the reproachful remarks targeted at women as evidenced throughout the broader Platonic corpus Vlastos suggests that the womanish traits Plato denigrates are those of the great mass of women, not of those brilliant exceptions from whom the guardians would be recruited and, moreover, they are the traits common to women now i.e. Platos time, under conditions then prevailing which did not promote the development of energetic minds and resolute characters (Vlastos, 1994, p. 18). Arguably, Vlastos explanation does not merely explain away Platos irreverent tone toward women a tone persistent throughout his works and, notably, targeted at the general female body. Ultimately, Vlastos approach fails to satisfy those who subscribe to a liberationist ethic that valu es womens preferences and needs for their own sake (Annas, 1976). On this account, Pomeroy calls attention to contempt for women throughout the Platonic texts, either expressed directly, or implied through images and metaphors and points to a proprietary canon that positioned women as property, prizes, and slaves under the custodial fearfulness of men (Pomeroy, 1975). Moreover, noting that Platos liberation of women resides within a metaphysical framework in which a womans opportunity to pursue knowledge of the good depends on the intrinsic value of the soul, Annas poses a consistent hostility toward women throughout Platos dialogues. Accordingly, she argues against the feminist thesis namely pointing to the facts that Plato does not reject inequality between the genders as such, nor does he suggest, in any way, that he genuinely cares for the desires of women, as women (Annas, 1976).Clearly, the broader Platonic corpus fails to transcend the gender stereotypes and sexist notions t hat circumscribe its time. However, in so much as Plato gives voice to a class of citizens that remained mute for ages barred by the values of a rigid societal construct some may deem Plato a revolutionary proponent of female-actualization. While his overall presentation may offend modern feminist sensibilities, Platos policies are attuned to the potential of females in the face of a disparaging cultural opposition. And, although the evidence suggests that Plato does not consider women as the moral equals of men by any measure he nonetheless deserves credit for being among the first to promote the equality of women in meaningful aspects of social status and function.ReferencesAnnas, Julia. (1976). Platos Republic and Feminism. Philosophy, 51, 307-321.Aristotle. (1995). Aristotle Politics Books I And II. (Trevor Saunders, Trans.). NewYork Oxford University Press. (Original work written 350 B.C.E.).Bar On, B. (1994). Engendering Origins Critical Feminist Readings in Plato and Ari stotle. New York State University of New York Press.Just, R. (1989). Women in Athenian Law and Life. New York Routledge Press.Okin, S. (1979). Women in Western semipolitical Thought. Princeton Princeton UniversityPressPlato. (1997). Complete Works The Republic. (J.M. Cooper D. L. Hutchinson, Eds.).Indianapolis Hackett Publishing Company, Inc.Plato. (1997). Complete Works Timaeus. (J.M. Cooper D. L. Hutchinson, Eds.).Indianapolis Hackett Publishing Company, Inc.Pomeroy, S. (1975). Goddesses, Whores, Wives, and Slaves Women in Classical Antiquity. New York ergodic House, Inc. Vlastos, Gregory. (1994). Was Plato a Feminist? In Nancy Tuana (Ed.), Feminist Interpretations of Plato (pp. 11-23). University Park, PA Penn State Press.Walmart Everyday downhearted Prices StrategyWalmart Everyday Low Prices StrategyWal-Mart is the worlds largest retailer stores emerged in Arkansas, the States since 1962 by Sam Walton with his belief that the future of retailing lay in discounting, focusi ng on value drivers price and service, convenience and a wide fury of product all in one store. The successfully of implementation is to adapt innovative practice selling the grade with slogan Every Day Low Prices (EDLP) mixed with other philosophies into its pricing.In early days, adept of the key strategy was concerned on dinky town locations open discount stores in clear town and spread out its stores and filling un-served gaps avoiding from competition radar. As, Wal-Mart saturated its trade and effectively barred new competition.With the prospect of low price policy, Wal-Mart is relentless terms control. Non-stop of reducing of their price parallel with make up control. Including of being the partnership with suppliers, they claimed that it helped the suppliers improve inventory management and efficiency as win-win partnership. Another core competence is logistic management. Wal-Mart very early demonstrated commitment to technology in the industry. Being the earliest t o adopt satellite technology connection the chain to one ample network. Moreover, Wal-Mart has been seeking for the continuing development by sufferance RFID in the system.In term of service, Wal-Mart understands the art of motivating its employees from all level to perform their best. For instant, under the ten-foot rule, any member of staff within ten feet of a customer must offer them assistance. Its labor relations are exceptional. Workers are not plain employees but associates, eligible for a share of the profits and stock options in the company. This has created a famously loyal and highly competitive workforce.Now, Wal-Mart is facing a change to their communication channel in China. Over the past few years Chinas retail industry and its distribution and logistical infrastructure have opened up significantly with decreased government regulation. For Wal-Mart this will mean a large change in its business strategy and it will now look to profitably expand with Chinas prosp ering economy. In order to set a new strategy Wal-Mart will need to identify what issues it will face in the short and long term. One such issue is the fact that the business molding used in America will not directly transplant to China. For example, in the U.S., Wal-Mart places stores in small towns to gain a competitive advantage. China, on the other hand, will not patronize such a structure. In China, the economic growth has been concentrated only if in coastal regions supporting urbanites.The U.S. business model also uses Wal-Marts distribution, logistics, and IT networks to gain economies of scale and competitive advantages. China does not have the infrastructure for Wal-Mart to gain the same scale economies and advantages. Instead, Wal-Mart China will need to find alternative ways to turn core competencies into competitive advantages. Other issues Wal-Mart China faces are differences in consumer preferences habits between American and Chinese consumers, increasing competiti on among foreign and domestic firms, and overcoming local anesthetic protectionism obstacles.SWOT Analysis of Wal-Mart(S)trengthsWal-Mart is a powerful retail brand. It has a reputation for value for money, convenience and a wide range of products all in one store.The company has a core competence involving its use of information technology to support its international logistics system.Wal-Mart has a lot of suppliers, since the company claimed that it had always treated its supplier as partners and also helps suppliers improve inventory management and efficiency.Wal-Mart has a competitive strategy. For example everyday low prices (EDLP) or Always Low prices, this helped to drive the concept of EDLP and drew a million customers to its door.(W)eaknessThe biggest obstacle Wal-Mart faced in Mainland China was lack of an information-technology network with suppliers making the purchase and distribution difficult.(O)pportunitiesTo take over, merge with, or form strategic alliances with ot her global retailers, focusing on specific markets such as Europe or the Greater China Region.The stores are currently only trade in a relatively small number of countries. Therefore there are tremendous opportunities for future business in expanding consumer markets.New locations and store types offer Wal-Mart opportunities to exploit market development. They diversified from large super centres, to local and mall-based sites.Opportunities exist for Wal-Mart to continue with its current strategy of large, super centres.(T)hreatsVery high competition in china market, especially the local brand.The Buying behavior of Chinese consumers, Chinese consumers always compare the different of the price before they make a purchase.Regulatory restrictions, in china the constraints on a foreign retailers operating theatre directly limited the regional expansion of Wal-Mart stores and the efficient use of distribution centers.Local protectionism, it is serious problem faced by many multinationa l firms attempt to expand operations through china.The Infrastructural Deficiency, Wal-Mart distribution system depended on transportation, but china transportation were no well connected and were serious fragmented.Case Questions wherefore is Wal-Mart successful in the US? What are Wal-Marts competitive advantages and its sources?Wal-Mart has the critical strategy such as Every Day Low Prices (EDLP) to capture demand of consumers and brand reputation and trust of customers make Wal-Mart become outstanding firm.Two key developments made the success possibleDistribution Wal-Mart set up highly automate distribution centres, cutting down on delivery time and costs.Inventory flow The companys computerized inventory systems gave managers real-time information on their stocks, speeding up the re-ordering of goods.The competitive advantages of Wal-Mart are technology, being the earliest to adopt satellite technology connection the chain to one big network. Besides, Wal-Mart has been seek ing for the continuing development by adoption RFID in the system. Using the inventory management over the competitors and a lot of suppliers that deal with Wal-Mart. Also, the main successful of Wal-Mart is cost-control. Wal-Mart can control and avoid unnecessary cost very well, therefore Wal-Mart can offers a low price than competitors to consumers as a result of economic of scale.2. Should Wal-Mart replicate its domestic model in its original form in China? Why? Can it build the same competitive advantage in China through its successful domestic model?Wal-Mart should not use the same strategy form in china. Because it is different in culture , environment, legal and politics. The original might be success in US but the characteristic of Chinese people is totally differently from USs people. It is hard to build the competitive as the same as in linked state because due to local supplier, distribution or supply chain is not the same as in USA. Also, Wal-Mart might lack of technolo gy in china, so I think the original model might not work in china3. Provide suggestions on potential strategies that Wal-Mart China should consider in going forward.Creating GuanxiConducting marketing expansion research a critical role in global success.It permits the company to take into account different environments, office and market conditions and hence to minimize risks.To get information for possible business expansionTo monitor the political climateTo review various ways of marketTo evaluate the business partnersAlternativesWal-Mart has many options when determining what strategy to set going forward in Chinas newly deregulated market. One such option is to accept defeat. Wal-Mart has assay to transplant its American business model in other countries such as Germany, South Korea, and Japan and realized huge failures. Japan is consistently a loss making operation for Wal-Mart, and Wal-Mart has already completely retreated from Germany and South Korea due to its inabilit y to..http//walmartstores.com/AboutUs/297.aspxhttp//news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/business/325922.stm

How People Interact With Search Engines

How People Interact With Search EnginesA have the appearance _or_ semblance engine is a web- found tool that enables users to lay training on the World Wide Web. Popular examples of attempt engines be Google, Yahoo, and MSN Search. Search engines utilize automated software package applications (referred to as robots, bots, or spiders) that start along the Web, following link from page to page, place to site. The information gathered by the spiders is used to create a attendable index of the Web.When people use the bourne search engine in relation to the Web, they are usually referring to the actual search forms that searches through and through databases of hypertext mark-up language documents, initially gathered by a robot. in that respect are basically three types of search engines Those that are powered by robots (called crawlers ants or spiders) and those that are powered by human submissions and those that are a crossing of the two.HOW DO SEARCH ENGINES WORK?Every search engine uses different complex mathematical formulas to generate search results. The results for a specific query are then displayed on the SERP. Search engine algorithms take the key elements of a web page, including the page title, content and keyword density, and come up with a ranking for where to beam the results on the pages.Each search engines algorithm is unique, so a top ranking on Yahoo does not only a short gunpoint before the search engines developers become wise to the tactics and change their algorithm. More likely, sites using these tricks will be labeled as spam by the search engines and their rankings will plummet.animation mean nothing to search engines, but the actual text on your pages does. It is difficult to build a Flash site that is as friendly to search engines as a result, Flash sites will tend not to rank as high as sites developed with well coded HTML and CSS (Cascading Style Sheets a complex mechanism for adding styles to website pages above an d beyond regular HTML). If the terms you want to be found by do not appear in the text of your website, it will be very difficult for your website to yield high placement in the SERPs.Crawler-based search engines are those that use automated software agents (called crawlers) that visit a Web site, read the information on the actual site, read the sites meta tags and alike follow the links that the site connects to performing indexing on all linked Web sites as well. The crawler way outs all that information back to a central depository, where the data is indexed. The crawler will periodically return to the sites to check for any information that has changed. The frequency with which this happens is fixated by the administrators of the search engine.Human-powered search engines rely on humans to submit information that is subsequently indexed and catalogued. yet information that is submitted is put into the index.In both cases, when you query a search engine to locate information , youre actually searching through the index that the search engine has created -you are not actually searching the Web. These indices are giant databases of information that is collected and stored and subsequently searched. This explains why sometimes a search on a commercial search guarantee a prominent ranking on Google, and vice versa. To make things more than complicated, the algorithms used by search engines are not only closely guarded secrets, they are also constantly undergoing modification and revision. This means that the criteria to best optimize a site with must be surmised through observation, as well as trial and error and not just once, but continuously.Gimmicks less reputable SEO firms tout as the answer to better site rankings may work at best forengine, such as Yahoo or Google, will return results that are, in fact, dead links. Since the search results are based on the index, if the index hasnt been updated since a Web page became invalid the search engine trea ts the page as still an active link even though it no longer is. It will remain that way until the index is updated.So why will the same search on different search engines bring in different results? Part of the answer to that header is because not all indices are going to be exactly the same. It depends on what the spiders find or what the humans submitted. just more important, not any search engine uses the same algorithm to search through the indices. The algorithm is what the search engines use to determine the relevance of the information in the index to what the user is searching for.One of the elements that a search engine algorithm s notifys for is the frequency and location of keywords on a Web page. Those with high frequency are typically considered more relevant. But search engine technology is becoming sophisticated in its attempt to discourage what is known keyword stuffing, or spamdexing.Another common element that algorithms analyze is the way that pages link to other pages in the Web. By analyzing how pages link to each other, an engine can both determine what a page is about (if the keywords of the linked pages are similar to the keywords on the original page) and whether that page is considered important and deserving of a boost in ranking. sightly as the technology is becoming increasingly sophisticated to ignore keyword stuffing, it is also becoming more savvy to Web masters who build artificial links into their sites in order to build an artificial ranking.SEARCH ENGINE OPTIMIZATIONSearch engine optimization (SEO) is the process of affecting the visibility of a website or a webpage in a search engines natural or un-paid (organic) search engine results In general, the earlier (or higher ranked on the search results page), and more frequently a site appears in the search results list, the more visitors it will receive from the search engines users. SEO may target different kinds of search, including image search, local search video sea rch, academic search news search and industry-specific vertical search engines engines.As an internet marketing strategy, SEO considers how search engines work, what people search for, the actual search terms or keywords typed into search engines and which search engines are preferred by their targeted audience. Optimizing a website may involve editing its content ,HTML and associated coding to both maturation its relevance to specific keywords and to remove barriers to the indexing activities of search engines. Promoting a site to increase the number of back links or inbound links, is another SEO tactic.HOW good deal INTERACT WITH SEARCH ENGINESWe like to say Build for users, not search engines. When users have a bad become at your site, when they cant accomplish a task or find what they were looking for, this often correlates with poor search engine performance. On the other hand, when users are happy with your website, a positive experience is created, both with the search eng ine and the site providing the information or result.What are users looking for? There are three types of search queries users generally performDo Transactional Queries Action queries such as buy a plane ticket or listen to a song.Know Informational Queries When a user seeks information, such as the name of the band or the best restaurant in New York City.Go Navigation Queries Search queries that seek a particular online destination, such as Facebook or the homepage of the NFL.When visitors type a query into a search box and land on your site, will they be satisfied with what they find? This is the primary question search engines try to figure out millions of times per day. The search engines primary responsibility is to serve relevant results to their users.It all starts with the words typed into a small box.KEYWORD inquiryIt all begins with words typed into a search box.Keyword research is one of the most important, valuable, and high return activities in the search marketing field. Ranking for the right keywords can make or break your website. Through the detective work of puzzling out your markets keyword demand, you not only learn which terms and phrases to target with SEO, but also learn more about your customers as a whole.Its not always about getting visitors to your site, but about getting the right kind of visitors. The service of this intelligence cannot be overstated with keyword research you can predict shifts in demand, respond to changing market conditions, and produce the products, services, and content that web searchers are already actively seeking. In the history of marketing, there has never been such a low barrier to entry in understanding the motivations of consumers in virtually every niche.

Its Time for West Virginia to Eliminate Food Tax Essay -- Argumentati

Its Time for western United States Virginia to Eliminate diet TaxCan you recall an incident in American history involving disgruntled citizens dumping tea into the Boston Harbor? I can. This tea dumping was one of the foremost events of the revolution. Do you remember why these angry citizens dressed as Indians, stormed one of their own boats, and dumped all of the crates of tea into the harbor? The English monarchys taxing of the settlers tea caused this uprising. Right now, air jacket Virginias government is levying an almost identical tax the government is taxing the very intellectual nourishment that West Virginians eat for survival. Doesnt the government tax enough all(prenominal) year without taxing something that is required for our very sustenance? According to USA Today, The government takes more money in other taxes each year than the mediocre American spends on food, shelter, and clothing combined. (Armey, internet) At least the first Americans could choose whether o r not they would drink tea. Currently, West Virginians do not have the alternative whether or not to eat food. Why should we have to pay any more than the store charges us for the food? It is time for the legislature in West Virginia to reform West Virginias tax system and do away with the ridiculous tax on food. Initially, a West Virginia food tax doesnt seem like such a bad idea, but after contemplating the principles, it becomes more and more unethical. Ethically, why should West Virginians pay tax on food when many other American citizens do not? Consequently, a West Virginia food tax is unethical in that it punishes the poor. Every year in West Virginia, poor children go hungry because their families cant afford to put food on the table. I conducted an independent survey involving fifty anon... ... On Food Would Aid The Poor St Louis Post Dispatch. 3-28-97 page 1 and 2 Bill Rankin. Like most tax cuts, states elimination of food gross revenue tax hinders real reform. Atlanta J ournal and Constitution. 6 October 1996. http//www.elibrary.com/ Sam Attlesey. Democrats support sales tax amendment Proposal would ban levy on food, medicate. The Dallas Morning News. 19 March 1998. www.elibrary.com Andrew Cain. Help take a bite out of food tax. The Washington Times. 29 September 1998. gene Callahan. Bandersnatch Tax cut Proposal. http//www.bandersnatch.com/ Warren McGraw. Elect Warren McGraw to the supreme court. Radio Commercial. 27 October 1998. Staton, Rick. Personal interview. 7 Nov. 1998. Cecil Underwood. Governors consignment on Fair Taxation. www.state.wv.us/fairtax/agenda.htm Cadle, Pat. Personal interview. 8 Nov. 1998

Caryl Churchill’s play Far Away and Jane Taylor’s Ubu and the Truth Com

Caryl Churchills play Far remote and Jane Taylors Ubu and the Truth Commission Caryl Churchills play Far Away and Jane Taylors Ubu and the Truth Commission are two plays that both concern violent, corrupt semipolitical systems, but each playwright goes almost confronting these issues in a quite different style. Jane Taylor structures her work with an omniscient eyeshot that allows the audience to see the reality of what is happening at all times, while Churchill utilizes a limited perspective that leaves the audience as unaware of the truth as her oddballs. These approaches result in two plays that are very different in character, but at the analogous time, both of the works successfully create a similar uneasy, frightening atmosphere that is effective in impressing upon the audience the dangers and injustices of much(prenominal) violent governments Ubu, the main character of Ubu and the Truth Commission, is a corrupt dictator faced with the ramifications of the cruel an d violent actions of his government. Throughout the play he grapples with truth during the course of the action he hesitates about telling the truth about his involvement in the affairs, tries to cover up the evidence, and ultimately gives false testimony, claiming innocence. In the end his dishonesty prevails, and the truth commission fails. The political head and the military leader head of Brutus escape punishment while the army head is done away with, and Ubu himself is let off his charges. The final tantrum closes on Ubu, his wife, and Niles, the crocodile representing the rich white population, sailing away free directly in the face of an eye symbolizing truth. Despite the failure of truth in this play, the facts are not hidden from the audience Taylor lea... ...hes its purpose in a different manner. Taylors blunt symbolism displays the truth openly to the audience in order to place emphasis on the injustice of the outcome of such government. The bitter irony and sinister c haracters combined with the horrifying tales of the witness puppets create a truly uneasy atmosphere that serves her purpose intimately. In contrast to this omniscient viewpoint, Churchill produces a world in which the truth is hidden from the audience as well as the characters. This choice puts the audience in a position of great anxiety as well and just as effectively communicates the potential dangers of such an environment. Both Caryl Churchill and Jane Taylor explore the horrors of corrupt government with dramatically different methods, but both successfully construct worlds that force the audience to deal with these issues involving truth and corruption.