Demand and price elasticity of demand Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Request and value flexibility of interest - Essay Example On account of Bordeaux, the shoppers had proposed a low wine cost. This suggests diminishing the cost of the wine will cause the ware to be progressively moderate to the customers (Sheffrin, B. 2003). This would expand the interest of the item consequently expanding its flexibly. Increment in the gracefully of Bordeaux wine would build the quantity of deals. Value versatility of a wares request includes a measure that is utilized in economies in demonstrating the flexibility responsiveness of the amount of the item that is requested towards an adjustment in the product’s cost. In this regard, it gives the rate change of the amount of the item that is requested to follow a reaction to an adjustment in the cost. Value flexibility can be viewed as negative regardless of the way that investigation would consistently disregard the negative sign prompting equivocalness (Peters, K. 2006). A positive value flexibility of interest happens for a situation where the items don't fulfill t he law of interest. In this regard, the interest of the wine would be supposed to be inelastic when the value flexibility of interest (PED) is beneath one. This infers the value changes have an essentially littler impact on the measure of wine that is requested. Then again, the interest of Bordeaux wine would be supposed to be versatile at whatever point the value flexibility of is mutiple. This implies the adjustments in the wares cost would enormously impact the measure of the wine that is requested. On account of Bordeaux wine, the interest of the item could be supposed to be versatile. This is so in light of the fact that the interest of this wine is firmly influenced by changes in cost. Hence, expanding the cost of the item would lessen the interest of the item where as decreasing the cost of the item would have an impact of expanding request of the item (Knugman, R. 2005). It is thus that the dealers who were reached through The Times contend that they could possibly acknowled ge the wine when the cost of the wine is diminished to around ?95 of every 2008 for the best brands contrasted and the ?318 out of 2007 vintage (Sage, A. and Pavia, W. 2009). These financial specialists contend out that when the cost of wine is higher than the proposed one, there would be no clients. This is a reasonable sign that the interest of Bordeaux wine was versatile. Part B. The measure of the wine requested is regularly a solid part of its cost. A contextual investigation never really out the amount of the wine requested at different value levels with the various variables kept consistent, would result into the table 1. Table 1. Request plan. year value Average value amount 2002 95 170 133 700 2003 192 253 223 500 2004 141 145 190 159 600 2005 472 480 622 523 300 2006 450 622 536 200 2007 318 466 392 400 Graph 1. The chart speaks to the amount of the wine that is requested as the variable that is Independent (x-pivot) and the cost as the variable that is reliant (y-hub). As indicated by the law of interest the amount of the item that is requested will consistently move towards the contrary value bearing. This is seen in the diagram above through the descending interest bend incline. At the point when one moves along the bend, an adjustment in the cost of the wine would result into an adjustment in the amount that is requested. At whatever point there exists an adjustment in the affecting element other than value there could be a move in the interest bend either towards the privilege or the left,

Coffee and Starbucks Essay Example for Free

Espresso and Starbucks Essay Starbucks has been the best espresso chain utilizing their forceful extension procedures to outperform its rivals. Through its extension, Starbucks has concentrated on making a thick system of stores surrounding US, while additionally opening up new areas all around the globe. Nonetheless, Starbucks’ forceful development techniques have presented significant dangers to its monetary wellbeing, for example, close sources of income, increment obligations, poor liquidity proportions and so forth. What's more, this methodology can fuel rivalry among close Starbucks stores. Because of the forceful extension, Starbucks has lost its interior concentration in its center business espresso and its interesting â€Å"Starbucks Experience †third place†. The issues are the means by which Starbucks can remain productive later on and simultaneously continue its predominant situation in the gourmet espresso industry. We have analyzed the business investigation that centers around the business drifts, the firm serious condition and followed by a SWOT examination on Starbucks. At long last, we take a gander at the organization procedure investigation that centers around the Starbucks’ key goal and its key position. From these examinations, we suggest a couple of choices where Starbucks should seek after pushing ahead so as to stay away from further decay and continue its prevailing position. .:Organization Background History:. Starbucks Coffee, Tea and Spice was built up in 1971 by Jerry Baldwin, Zey Siegel and Gordon Bowker in Seattle to sell broiled espresso beans and espresso machines. (See Exhibit 1 for course of events) around then, the founders’ theory was to give top notch espresso and instruct the open the craft of acknowledging fine espresso. It was the founders’ enthusiasm and solid duty on teaching the open that pulled in Howard Schultz to join Starbucks in 1982 as the leader of the showcasing office, directing the company’s retail locations. On one of his work excursions to Milan, Italy, Schultz discovered a chance to patch up Starbucks and move its concentration from its unique business exercises. Schultz’s new business suggestion for Starbucks was to serve newly prepared espresso at their outlets which he offered to the authors without progress. After numerous fruitless endeavors, he left the Company. In 1987, Schultz gained Starbucks from the originators and changed its name to the more curtailed ‘Starbucks’ and adjusted her logo to what we see today. After the obtaining, he presented the possibility of ‘The Starbucks experience’ to all Starbucks’ outlets; that is to make an agreeable air for benefactors to unwind. From that point on, each Starbucks outlet was the ideal copy of this idea. In 1992, Starbucks had propelled an IPO and its basic stock was being exchanged on the Nasdaq. In 1995, Starbucks adventure abroad and shaped a joint endeavor with SAZABY Inc to open Starbucks stores in Japan. In 1996, Starbucks first oversea outlet was opened in Tokyo. Today, Starbucks has an aggregate of 7,087 Company worked stores and 4,081 License stores in US. Moreover, it has 1,796 Company worked stores and 2,792 Joint Venture and License store working in other 43 nations. .:Meaning of the Industry, Competitors and Scope of Analysis: Generally, Starbucks is in the Food and Beverages industry. Anyway with the end goal of this paper, we would characterize Starbucks to be in the gourmet espresso industry with the accompanying contenders : †¢Coffee Bean and Tea Leaf; †¢Costa Coffee; †¢Caribou Coffee. (See Exhibit 2 for a brief review on explanations behind the decision of these contenders and some foundation data of them) For the reason for this paper, our examination will concentrate on Starbucks in US and Australia. The following area gives an outline of the gourmet espresso industry and the serious condition in US and Australia. .:Outline of the Industry:. .:Political Forces:. For the most part both the US and the Australia political circumstance had all the earmarks of being entrenched and stable. This will give a decent stage to both current organizations and new organizations to work in. In US, notwithstanding the present skirt of downturn, the political mind-set is still liable to support expanded guideline of organizations. Moreover, despite the fact that global strains are probably going to remain however their effect on political steadiness and economy will stay insignificant. So also in Australia, the political atmosphere is probably going to remain moderately steady. In spite of the fact that the connection between the government and the states had been rough before; it has improved after the presentation of an increasingly steady recipe for income distribution..:Economical Forces:. US: Genuine financial development is relied upon to slow from an expected 4% in 2008 to 3. 8% in 2009. The humble log jam mirrors the effect of lower request from its exchanging accomplice. As these exists awkward nature in the economy and the poor momentary standpoint for development, it is accepted that conditions in the US are presently recessionary and that development will stay feeble in 2009. This will thusly influence the GDP and the extra cash of its inhabitants. Australia: Traditionally, quick development in Australia has been lull as of late because of downturn. Improved money related and financial administration have diminished macroeconomic unpredictability, yet dangers and awkward nature are available. The low residential reserve funds rate renders the financial framework dependant on outside financing. The present record deficiency is enormous, and universal money related markets may begin to stress over the hidden causes. Air pocket conditions additionally appear to exist in the lodging market. .:Socio-social Forces: Consumers’ Perceptions and Disposable Income:. US: There had been an expansion in espresso utilization in the US advertise however the rate had eased back down in 2005 presenting dangers to espresso retailers. As of late, US purchasers had progressively decide on more advantageous hot beverages, for example, tea and RTD drinks which influence espresso utilization rate. The pattern is probably going to keep, prompting decrease in espresso utilization. Australia: Coffee deals had encountered very tepid development from 2000 to 2005. The way of life of bistro had made more individuals decide on-exchange deals espresso at the bistro rather than home-blended espresso. As indicated by BIS Shrapnel, individuals progressively will in general go to bistros for their espresso and there is an expansion of half inside 2 years in espresso utilization. .:Mechanical Forces: Technological Developments:. Innovative changes have made numerous new items and procedures. It assists with diminishing expenses, improve quality and lead to advancements which thus benefits customers just as associations. Numerous associations in the gourmet espresso industry had perceived the significance of giving remote web access and Wi-Fi hotspots to its supporters. These innovation propels had made a recreation place for supporters to ride net or hang out after home and work. The vast majority of the associations had likewise acquainted computerized espresso machines with accelerate the blending procedure in order to abbreviate holding up time. To additionally improve business activities and productivity, a few associations have likewise utilize data innovation frameworks to assist them with maintaining their organizations all the more easily. .:Natural Forces:. With significant atmosphere changes happening because of an unnatural weather change, numerous associations in the gourmet espresso industry had expanded their condition mindfulness by diminished the utilization of expendable cups to serve espresso and expanded the utilization of fired cups. Moreover, the associations had likewise decreased the size of their paper napkins, paper packs and in store trash sacks. The associations were likewise urged to buy Fairtrade confirmed espressos as to advance mindful ecological and financial endeavors. The accompanying area presents our investigation of gourmet espresso industry with the guide of Michael Porters 5 Forces model. .: Analysis of Gourmet Coffee Industry-Porter 5 Forces:. If it's not too much trouble allude to show 3 for the standards utilized for the scoring of every power and an investigation of every power. Power #1: Threat of New Entry:. †¢Threat of new passage is high. †¢High fire up cost engaged with buying types of gear, sourcing for espresso beans and preparing barista. †¢Strong brand character prompting high exchanging cost for customers Score: 10 Force #2: Threat of Substitutes:. †¢Substitutes are gourmet espresso of an alternate brand †¢Current gourmet espresso enterprises is immersed †¢High exchanging cost †¢Threat of substitutes viewed as moderately high Score: 6 Force #3: Bargaining Power of Suppliers:. †¢Majority of monetarily accessible espresso beans originate from a couple industrializes nations. †¢Increase the expense of cafés in sourcing and accessing these excellent espresso beans. †¢Bargaining intensity of providers is moderately high Score: 5 Force #4: Bargaining Power of Consumers†¢Bargaining intensity of clients is generally nonpartisan. †¢Current player picked up brand reliability †¢Product separation assists with holding current client and draw in new clients. †¢However value touchy clients may look for less expensive other option. Score: 0 Force #5: Rivalry between Competitors:. †¢Intensity of contention is moderate. †¢Brand personality and high exchanging cost is moderately horrible to new player that has recently entered the market. Score: 3. Conclusion:From the above examination, we noticed that the danger of new passage, the dealing intensity of the provider and danger of substitutes are generally high. Then again the dealing intensity of the customers is unbiased and the force of competition is moderate. Thus from the above investigation we inferred that despite the fact that there is high power of contention in this industry it is as yet viewed as alluring. This is on the grounds that, as per report from Mintel, there is as yet potential for development in the espresso business as the paralyzed

How to Work with Headhunters to Find a High Paying Job

How to Work with Headhunters to Find a High Paying Job Looking for a higher paying job to transfer your career into the next level? You’ll probably find yourself working with a headhunter. But who are these headhunters and how can they help you find your dream career? © Shutterstock | Syda ProductionsWe’ll explain who headhunters are and how they work. We’ll give you tips on how to best gain the attention of a headhunter and  effective strategies to help land a high paying job.WHO ARE HEADHUNTERS?In order to maximize your use of headhunters, it’s helpful to understand who they are and how they operate. This guarantees you take full advantage of the assistance they can provide you and it prevents you from, on the other hand, expecting too much from them.Headhunters are essentially a type of recruiter, often referred to as third-party recruiters. Therefore, they help an organization find a candidate for a specific role â€" acting as the middleman.Headhunters differ from typical recruiters in the sense that they are often executive search firms, specializing in mid- and high-level jobs. Headhunters don’t typically deal with graduate or entry-level roles. They are essential for finding high paying jobs, as research shows as many as 60% of job s go unadvertised and instead are only known by headhunters.Furthermore, there are three different types of headhunters. The difference between these types mainly relates to the salary they receive.Contingency headhunters:  Search for the candidates on behalf of the organization and the headhunter will be paid only when the position is successfully filled.Retainer headhunters:  Search and often screen the candidates, with the organizations having exclusive contacts with specific headhunting agencies.  Commission can be similar in terms of the final payable to contingency headhunters, but the payment is not typically dependent on the position being filled.Hybrid agency:  There are a number of headhunting agencies using a hybrid model, under which part of the fee is paid upfront, with the rest being contingent on the filling of the position.As a candidate, you should know headhunters are always paid by their client, which is the organization looking to hire. This means the loyalty of the agency is on the client and not necessarily on you as the candidate.This can mean headhunters aren’t interested in providing any type of career counseling and other such advice for you.In addition, this can mean the recruiter goes for standard candidates, who match the job description, as these are what the clients tend to prefer. Overall, headhunters are not looking for the most talented or likeable candidate. HOW DO HEADHUNTERS OPERATE?So, what is the typical process a headhunter uses to find the right match? The name, headhunter, is rather suitable for explaining the proceeds, as headhunters tend to “hunt” for the right candidates, instead of necessarily waiting for the candidate to come to them.The basic process tends to follow these steps:The headhunter receives a job description from the client. Although occasionally, headhunters can be closely involved in creating the job description and better understanding things such as the corporate culture, as this can help fin d the right match.The headhunter analyses the key requirements and starts searching for the right candidate.The places headhunters tend to look for and often in this particular order are:The agency’s own candidate database.Personal contacts the headhunter has within the specific industry.  This might include people they’ve previously helped find work and other word-of-mouth referrals.Social media sites.  The most common used platform is LinkedIn, but Facebook can also be utilized.  Cold calling or cold emailing the candidates found on social media.Advertise the position on a job site.  This is relatively rare, but still an option headhunter might turn to.The headhunter creates a shortlist of suitable candidates and presents it to the client.In addition, certain headhunters and search executive firms are also in charge of the interview process. This means the headhunter shortlists the candidates to invite to an interview. The interviews can be an initial phone interview, together with a face-to-face interview for selected candidates. Afterwards they might present two to three candidates to the organization to choose from.It’s not unusual for the initial search or even interview process to come up with no suitable candidates. According to data, 30% to 50% of all recruiting efforts are classified as a failure.[slideshare id=30488532doc=guidetofindingandworkingwithheadhunters-140127082221-phpapp02type=dw=640h=330]HOW TO BEST GAIN ATTENTION OF A HEADHUNTER?Now that you are aware of the “hunting” process, you can begin improving the way headhunters take notice of you.Below we’ll introduce you the two steps that can ensure you can gain attention.Position and brand yourselfFirst, you need to position and brand yourself well in the eyes of headhunters. There are essentially two key routes for enhancing your employee brand: through a strong online presence and with a quality CV/resume.You need to focus on constructing a strong online presence on public socia l media platforms used by headhunters. The key platforms to focus on are LinkedIn and Facebook.What are the best practices you should focus on? First, it’s important to create a detailed, yet short enough, summary of your skills and past experiences. You definitely want to focus on highlighting the skills required in your ideal career. You need to remember headhunters will be looking at your profile and comparing it with the job positions, they are searching for.Therefore, you need to think about the roles and companies you want to attract before creating the online profiles. The best way to do this is to research your ideal job roles and companies to get an idea what they want. In addition, since you are perfecting your online profiles, focusing on keywords is important.Overall, it’s crucial to ensure your social media profiles are clean and professional, if you are using public profiles. In 2012, a survey by ExecuNet found 90% of recruiters searching for candidates’ names on line. Therefore, an unprofessional profile, use of profanities or inappropriate comments can damage your chances.The second key way to positioning yourself higher on the headhunter’s shortlist is with a quality CV/resume. The task is not easy considering headhunters only spend six seconds on individual resumes.Headhunters use ATS systems to scan resumes in their database, so it’s important to focus on the relevant keywords and ensure you send out your CV/resume to all relevant agencies. Once again, it’s crucial to ensure you target the roles you are looking for with your keywords. Standardized resumes are unlikely to provide you the results you are looking for.What are some of the other points you need for creating a quality CV/resume? You should focus on:Include the most recent skills, experiences and qualifications to guarantee the resume is up to date. Ensure you only highlight the relevant skills, experiences and qualifications in terms of the job you are looking for.Have a clear and attractive headline. The headline should immediately point out your experience, qualifications and ambitions.Erasing all grammatical errors. 59% of headhunters will reject a candidate simply because of spelling and grammar errors.[[slideshare id=46173277doc=awesomeresumetemplates-150323094821-conversion-gate01w=640h=330]Reach out to headhuntersYour second step should be to increase your efforts on reaching out. While headhunters are in charge of contacting you in terms of job positions, it doesn’t mean you shouldn’t be active in positioning yourself into their ‘inner circle’.If you can highlight your professionalism and qualification in terms of specific types of jobs, headhunters are more likely to remember you when appropriate job positions land on their desks.Networking is a crucial part of a job search. You want to keep growing your own personal network by focusing on both headhunters and industry professionals.Start by identifying the headhunters and industr y influencers who are related and relevant to your career goals. We’ll delve into identifying your career goals a bit more in the following section. The key to remember is that not all headhunters are relevant to you. You need to identify the headhunters with access to the roles you want.In terms of creating networking opportunities, you should be active in attending different events. Career fairs and other industry-specific events are great opportunities to meet headhunters, as well as create connections with different companies and industry influencers.When you make a new connection with a headhunter, you must be pro-active in staying in touch. Follow-up on the new connections and maintain a regular relationship. This should include staying in touch on social media, participating in any recruitment events the headhunter might organize, and sending an updated resume/CV every once in a while to the headhunter.Overall, it’s beneficial to have a list of the relevant headhunters, a nd include their names, organizations and contact details in the file. You can use the list to stay on top of the last contact, the resume they have in their files and any other additional information you might wish to remember.HOW TO FIND A HIGH PAYING JOB USING HEADHUNTERS?The key to getting a high paying job through headhunters relies on the understanding that it’s not the most skilled candidate that gets the calls. Headhunters will look for candidates that best fit the job description and requirements, not the people with the highest qualifications or the most experience.In order to ensure the headhunters pick up your resume or find your LinkedIn profile, you therefore need to focus on the following strategies.Identify your career goalsWe briefly mentioned in the previous sections how having a set of career goals can help with your interactions with headhunters. You’ll be better equipped to create the right kind of profiles on social media and to write a compelling resume, i f you know the career route you are after.If you haven’t established a career plan or thought about the career progression steps you want to achieve, you definitely need to start thinking about them. Only once you are aware of the roles and companies you’d like to impress can you start contacting the relevant headhunters.Knowing your ideal roles beforehand ensures you are more prepared to talk with the headhunters. They will also notice you are career-driven and know what you want from your career. This ensures they don’t try to match you with jobs that are clearly not suitable for you.Furthermore, you should also be aware of the kind of salaries you are looking for. You don’t want to accept interviews for jobs that don’t meet your salary expectations or spend time applying for jobs with insufficient benefit packages. Focus only on the headhunters and networks that help with above goalsDon’t send your resume to every headhunting agency you find. With your career goals in mind, you need to instead identify the agencies and specialists focused on your industry.Find different recruitment agencies by searching for “headhunters (your industry)” in Google. You can also use keywords such as “headhunters (ideal role)” or “recruitment agency (your ideal company)”. This can provide you a selection of options.When you find possible headhunters, check out the agency’s website for more information. Don’t be afraid to drop a quick note outlining your career interests and asking whether the recruiter has worked with similar job postings in the past.Finally, you can always ask more information from your network connections. People working in your ideal companies or roles might be able to provide insights into the headhunting agencies they’ve worked with in the past.Improve your qualificationsSince headhunters are only looking at the skills and qualifications mentioned in the job posting, you need to ensure you have these. Therefore, to maximize y our chances of obtaining those high paying jobs, you need to know the specific requirements of these roles.Once you have career goals in mind, you should start browsing job listings to see what sort of skills and qualifications are required for your ideal job. You can also search for the roles online with keywords such as “(your ideal role) skills and qualifications)”. Furthermore, you want to research the companies you are targeting and pay attention to their corporate culture. What kind of skills does the company keep mentioning and focusing on?Once you have a better understanding of these specific requirements, start developing your skillset to fit these descriptions better. This might require some training or simply taking on opportunities at your current role to enhance your skillset. For instance, you could step up to different managerial positions to improve your leadership skills.Be open-minded with the responsibilities and skills you develop. You might be looking for a career in marketing, but a high paying job in the industry could well ask for sales knowledge. Cross training is always a good idea, as long as it doesn’t take you too far away from your focus area.Furthermore, remember top class jobs often require more than just technical skills. The higher you climb the career ladder, the more you need to focus on soft skills such as communication skills, team building skills and so on. Therefore, you need to pay attention to developing these as well.As you develop these skills, update your resume and social media profiles with the new qualifications. Remember to target the specific keywords you’ve noticed companies using when searching for these roles.If you’ve sent your resume to headhunters, remember to update them with the adjusted resume frequently. Not only does this ensure you’re resume is focused on the specific skills, but the contact can ‘bump up’ your resume on their list.Strengthen your role as industry expertFinally, you†™ll be higher on the list of quality candidates if you continue to strengthen your role as an industry expert. This not only provides you better networking opportunities, but it also improves your resume.Furthermore, since headhunters are the ones ‘hunting’ for the right match, you can fall into their radar by being active in industry discussion. Headhunters can sometimes simply browse industry forums, social media and other such resources for suitable candidates. If your name keeps popping up during this search, you’re likely to attract interest.You should definitely consider starting a blog. Attracting a strong following with a blog will improve your online visibility. Readers are likely to share your blog posts and therefore headhunters might stumble upon them.Even if blogging is not for you, you should become an active participant in industry discussion. Search for industry specific forums, read other people’s blogs and comment on them, and join in on the social media co nversation. Finally, you should consider speaking at industry events and career fairs.Find out more about becoming an industry expert from the video below: FINAL REMARKSHeadhunters seek the right candidates for the most prestigious roles. If you want a high paying job or progress on the career ladder, then you definitely want to build relationships with headhunters. But for the relationship to be the most fruitful, you need to understand the ‘hunting’ process.Headhunters are not all going to be useful for you, but at the same time, you can’t just lie around and wait for them to call you. You need to identify the headhunters most beneficial for your career development plan and build an online and offline presence, which will get you noticed.If you are aware of what you want, develop the skills you need in your desired role and stay active in your communication with headhunters. They might just knock on your door with a lucrative job offer.

Fast Food - 764 Words

What are the Pros and Cons of Junk Food? Junk food industry is taking off these days, which incites both young and old. There are various pros and cons of junk food. Junk food such as fries and pizzas are tantalizing for everyone. Junk foods are filled with calories and fats without nutritional values. One benefit of fast food is that you can walk in, order and eat. For the modern youth, vegetables and fruits are not that appealing as compared to junk food such as pizzas and fries. Junk foods are delectable and give more salt and calories to your body. Whenever you have a craving for fast food, you can easily get it anywhere and even in your home. Junk food is also not very expensive. Hence price, distance and speed don’t matter.†¦show more content†¦Con: * it s pretty catchy... it s tasty, it s good, it solves the hunger problem and it becomes the solution for every day lunch. High-fat, high-sugar foods are widely available, taste good and cost less than healthier foods * the sizes keep increasing, making us more and more dependent on this type of food; in addition, because it is tasty, you ll try to eat the entire super-size meal, even if your body doesn t need that much * the beautiful pictures with perfect burgers, pizzas or kebabs are so perfect only in magazines and promos * the biggest problem of fast food is that it s ve ry easy to find and very accesible for kids; during childhood, they need healthy food, water or natural juice, not soda and activity. In these days, the extensive use of fast food is making children have weight problems, which involve secondary reactionsShow MoreRelatedFast Foods And Fast Food Restaurants1458 Words   |  6 Pagesdo not go a day without eating a fast food meal. There has been a significant rise in obesity rates in America as fast food restaurant establishments are becoming more and more popular. It’s no coincidence that as the fast food industry’s popularity is rising; the obesity rates of Americans are rising as well. The reason for the increase in popularity of fast food restaurants is simply because of convenience. Take McDonald’s for example: they offer consumers food that can ready to eat within aRead MoreFast Food And The Food Meal Essay1440 Words   |  6 Pages A fast food meal may not be so simple after all considering the ingredients that go into a meal. We aren’t fully aware of what all the ingredients are in our food. We just see either a short or a long list of words that is just scientific jargon to us. We do become more concerned of what we are eating if there is a long endless list of contents. One ingredient that we all know if high fructose corn syrup. There are high amounts of it in our fast food which explains why we can get so addicted toRead MoreFast Foods And Fast Food1649 Words   |  7 PagesFast food is popular because it s convenient, it s cheap, and it tastes good. But the real cost of eating fast food never appears on the menu, was said by Eric Schlosser. Several people in America have become dependent on fast foods. How many of the people who eat this food actually know what is really in the food or how it was made? Others don t think about it, because within ordering, three minutes later a customer can pull up to the window, pay, and get food. It is quick and cheap. The UnitedRead MoreFast Foods And Fast Food1339 Words   |  6 PagesWhen it comes to fast food it is just what it is fast food. On a busy or slightly rough day it’s so easy and typical to grab some food on the go and keep it moving. Are we able to find a solution to fast food and its nutritional value of being healthy rather than unhealthy? Fast food comes in handy and gives you a satisfying taste and is a quick fix to feed your hunger at that moment which leads to no kind of nutritional nourishment for your body. It gives the body what it needs at the momentRead MoreFast Foods And Fast Food2128 Words   |  9 PagesFast food is defined as â€Å"easily prepared processed food served in snack bars and restaurants as a quick meal or to be taken away.†. The first fast food restaurant was developed in America, 1948. Fast food is now recognized globally, generating an annual revenue of $570 billion. However, this ever growing market is associated with higher BMI and weight gain. I investigated whether exposure to fast food advertising via television increases fast food consumption, and whether our fast food consumptionRead MoreHealthy Fast Food1003 Words   |  5 Pagestelevision or radio and not be hit with advertisements introducing the latest fast food trend Ââ€" fresh and healthy food options. More often, the media bombards us with slogans such as Subway s common pitch to eat fresh or McDonald s million-dollar advertisement campaign to try the new fruit and walnut salad. Attention has made an abrupt turn from the greasy, deep-fried originals at the fast food chains to more health conscious food choices. Even a documentary of a man named Morgan Spurlock made headlinesRead MoreFast Food in the Cafeteria1347 Words   |  6 PagesFast Food Healthier than Cafeteria food? Many people think that fast food is bad for our health and that it shouldn’t be allowed in school. More healthful options should be promoted but what’s the use of healthy food in school if the kids don’t want to eat it? Nobody least of all adults LIKE eating healthy if given a choice everyone always goes for the fast food.When we eat lunch at school we get the bad end of the stick. they feed us cardboard pizza, meat that isn’t even meat and has beenRead MoreFast Food America1498 Words   |  6 PagesFast food has become a major phenomenon here in America. According to Eric Schlosser, he writes in the New York Times, on average $301,369,863 is spent a day on fast food. As Schlosser shows, American people are abusing fast food. In accordance with fast food binging, obesity has become a widespread epidemic. According to Joseph Mercola M.D., on a personal website states obesity is, A chronic condition that develops as a result of an interaction between a person s genetic makeup and their environmentRead MoreFast Food1915 Words   |  8 Pages1. Executive Summary This report provides an analysis of the international marketing environment of fast- food industry in US and evaluates the international marketing activities of McDonald’s, which is considered a key player. Firstly, the PEST framework is used to analyse external environmental factors influencing the industry. The Porter’s Five Forces framework is utilised to analyse the competitive rivalry within the industry, and its attractiveness for potential new entrants. Key players andRead MoreThe Availability Of Fast Food Essay1210 Words   |  5 PagesThe availability of fast food is contributing to the rise of Obesity in New Zealand Question 1: Explain the view point and find evidence to support the view I believe that some people have this view because fast food outlets usually consist of fatty foods. This means that people who don’t have much time or money can easily go out and buy food for themselves and their children. Studies show that New Zealand fast food consumption was an estimated 2-3 kgs per person per year. Studies also show that

The Transformation of Music Radio and Composition Essay

Try to picture this: Your country has just fallen into the worst economic slump in history. The company you work for has just gone out of business. You lose your job. What will you do? How will you survive? All these questions were surely asked by Edgar Harburg. Like many others during the Great Depression of the 1930s, Edgar Harburg turned to music; he joined Jay Gorney and together they collaborated on songs for Broadway pieces (Edmund and Goldstein 107). Not unsurprisingly, he preferred his new career (Edmund and Goldstein 107). Moments such as those have fortified the ties of music and reality throughout time. Nevertheless, music has been a definite part of culture since the earliest ages. It has also been altered on several occasions†¦show more content†¦Look at all of the formats.’ But within each format, you have diversity kept at bay on the other side of the door. And this move seeks to place each of us in a very narrow preserve where we don’t have to l isten to other kinds of music and therefore don’t get exposed to other kinds of music. (qtd. in DiMeo) Although Susan Douglas is speaking about modern times the idea is applicable to 1930s. While today we are presented with hundreds of ways to access music, before the 1930s there were fewer than ten. So, with the arrival of radio, people were bound to hear fewer lesser known artists. To some it seems trivial to complain about people not hearing a variety of music. However, Cliff Doerksen, a classical music fanatic that praised its ability to bring peace, would disagree given the fact that classical music is only one of many genres (DiMeo). With the introduction of radio the number of people exposed to unpopular music declined; popular music took a substantial leap and dominated over others. Unless a song appealed to the masses it was unlikely that it would be aired. Despite such setbacks, lesser known musicians still effectively got their messages through in their songs. Conversely, music actually had an increased assortment in one aspect. In the 1920s racial problems were extensive a nd poured into the music industry as well (DiMeo). Imaginary walls were built to isolated minority groups from whites. Yet with the rise of radio these boundaries were slowlyShow MoreRelatedFranco and TPOK Jazz Essay1241 Words   |  5 Pagesthe 80s OK Jazz stretched out in long complex jams (sebenes) of percussion, guitars, and horns, which build in tempo and rhythm, sounding a bit like an Afro-Latin Grateful Dead. Franco was popular across Africa. Living in 1980s Cameroon, Franco’s music was ubiquitous; Mario and other hits are burned in my brain. His band was one of the few to break the barriers of national styles and was popular in Anglophone and Francophone countries alike. 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They are branches of learning concerned with human thought, feelings, and relations. The importance of the human being and his/her feelings and how these are expressed have always been the concern of theRead MoreEssay on The Music of Puerto Rico3161 Words   |  13 PagesMusic, in the history of Puerto Rico, has played a role of great significance as a means of cultural expression. The five centuries of musical activity shows that Puerto Ricans have created, developed and promoted a variety of genres ranging from folk music, concert music and new genres. The Puerto Rican music and native musician s have shaped and enriched the identity of the Puerto Rican people and their roots. Puerto Rican music was the ultimate expression of the â€Å"Areito† (indigenous artistic traditions)

U.s. Constitution, Discrimination - 865 Words

Faults in the U.S. Constitution, Discrimination in America One very monumental event in the history of the United States is the ratification and signing of the United States Constitution.This took place in the year 1787 .The Bill of Rights is actually the part of the constitution that defines the rights of the citizens of the United States.This significant document helped spell out individual rights and freedoms.Although the signing of the U.S. Constitution solved many problems it failed to solve the problem of discrimination against African Americans,women and gays and along with that the ongoing issue of Slavery. Discrimination was still a problem after the signing of the constitution in 1787. Until then certain minority groups were extremely segregated in places like; restaurants, hotels,and movie theaters.Peaceful sit-ins by students happened in about 100 cities in 1960,In 1963 president John F. 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Arab League Essay Example For Students

Arab League Essay The Arab League. The Arab League is a regional organization that was founded on March 22, 1945. The leagues function is to promote political cooperation among its member states, and todeal with disputes or any breaches of peace in the region. The leagues official name is theLeague of Arab States. The founding members of the league are: Egypt, Syria, SaudiArabia, Iraq, Jordan, and Yemen. Membership in the League was later extended toAlgeria, Bahrain, Djibouti, Kuwait, Libya, Mauritania, Morocco, Oman, Qatar, Somalia,Southern Yemen, Sudan, Tunisia, and the United Arab Emirates. The headquarters of theLeague is located in Cairo, and it is run by a secretary general which is appointed by theleague members. The work of any international organization which attempts to promote peace, andpolitical cooperation is usually confronted by several failures. However, in the case of theArab League it has been evident that it is unable to sustain the peace within the region oraid in any political cooperation between the member states. The Gulf War could be saidto be a test to the power of the Arab League and its presumed cooperation and handlingproblems strategies. The war started off by the invasion of Kuwait by its neighbor Iraq,both are member states in the Arab League. When the war started the status of theLeague at the time was murky. This could have been largely due to that all agreementsare held in secret talks and through conversations held outside regular meetings. Furthermore, the activities of the League are unknown and usually misunderstood by theoutside world, due to the organization has been eager to secure publicity for its activities. It is said that one of the main reasons that the governments of the Arab states cantunite, is due to the imbalance of wealth, population and military power in the region (theeconomist 25). Under the articles of the Arab League, it was decided that the members ofthe league would aid one another in economic and military matters(khalil). Therefore, th equestion of allocating the wealth of the Arab countries was solved. Moreover, the Leaguecannot intervene in the way any of the countries wishes to allocate its resources. Furthermore, since the 1980s the league has failed to show any kind of unity. In 1983,Syrias President Assad supported a mutiny with the PLO against Yassir Arafat. However, such acts cannot be prevented by the league since when in session thoseallegations were denied. Furthermore, in 1989 Egypt, Jordan, Iraq, North Yemen, andSaudi Arabia joined together to form a new Arab Co-operation Council (international 53). All five members are also members of the Arab League, which basically does the samefunctions as the new council. Meanwhile, the Arab League had not yet reinstated Egyptas a full time member, since President Sadats signing of the peace treaty with Israel(international 53). The only evident reason that allowed Saudi Arabia to agree for Egyptto join the new council, was that it feared that Iraq would take con trol over the counciland start bothering its Arab neighbors, since it has ended its war with Iran (international53). Saudi Arabia along with the other council members, needed Egypts military powerto balance the tables at the council. It has become evident that the problems of the Arab League are due to faults in theorganization, but due to the faults of the leaders of such an organization. In June, 1996the Arab Summit took place in Egypt. The summit was called to discuss the newly electedIsraeli Prime Minister Netanyahu. However, the summit seemed to concentrate onsomething else. They may be standing together in a show of unity in Cairo, but many of the Arab leadersgathered here have been known to seek the title of kingpin of the Middle East (Roth,1). .u01a2cb86ffeec2aa59b7911f2556c10a , .u01a2cb86ffeec2aa59b7911f2556c10a .postImageUrl , .u01a2cb86ffeec2aa59b7911f2556c10a .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u01a2cb86ffeec2aa59b7911f2556c10a , .u01a2cb86ffeec2aa59b7911f2556c10a:hover , .u01a2cb86ffeec2aa59b7911f2556c10a:visited , .u01a2cb86ffeec2aa59b7911f2556c10a:active { border:0!important; } .u01a2cb86ffeec2aa59b7911f2556c10a .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u01a2cb86ffeec2aa59b7911f2556c10a { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u01a2cb86ffeec2aa59b7911f2556c10a:active , .u01a2cb86ffeec2aa59b7911f2556c10a:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u01a2cb86ffeec2aa59b7911f2556c10a .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u01a2cb86ffeec2aa59b7911f2556c10a .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u01a2cb86ffeec2aa59b7911f2556c10a .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u01a2cb86ffeec2aa59b7911f2556c10a .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u01a2cb86ffeec2aa59b7911f2556c10a:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u01a2cb86ffeec2aa59b7911f2556c10a .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u01a2cb86ffeec2aa59b7911f2556c10a .u01a2cb86ffeec2aa59b7911f2556c10a-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u01a2cb86ffeec2aa59b7911f2556c10a:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Great Teachers, Bad Students Essay The fact that this quote has been said, is alone proof of a rivalry between the Arab leaders. Though that this rivalry is nothing serious, it does show a kind of lack of trust betweenArab leaders, whom all want to be in control. With the creation of the League of Arab states, which was set forth by El-NahasPasha, Egyptian Prime Minister and Minister of Foreign Affairs in 1945, with the goal tobuild a strong and united Arab world, the world changed its view of the nomadic tribesthat lived in this region. Through time,

Essay Examples on Battle of Shiloh Essay Example

Essay Examples on Battle of Shiloh Paper 1st Essay Sample on Battle of Shiloh During the night of the April 5, 1862, Confederate commander, Albert S. Johnston, was sound asleep.Throughout his life he had reoccurring dreams in which a unicorn, with the name Shiloh, would appear and foretell what was to transpire within the next twenty-four hours.The unicorn stood tall and majestic with hair snow white and a horn of golden color that shimmered when light touched it.Its eyes were that of one which had seen much and obtained knowledge others couldnt even claim to possess.That night the unicorn appeared in his dreams and enlightened him with such information.It told of what was to take place when he arrived at the Union encampment at Pittsburg Landing, of the Battle that would go on to be called Shiloh, named after a meetinghouse 3 miles from the Landing.Then the unicorn spoke of his death.This was to be the last battle fought by Johnston, and his death was described to him in vivid detail. He woke up in a cold sweat, knowing that what the unicorn had said should be taken seriously because all it speaks of is truth.By that time, thefirst signs of morning were beginning to take place.The world was starting to wake up.Johnston and his troops headed towards the Union encampment, and upon their arrival they achieved complete surprise which was what the Confederates had anticipated.Due to the fact that neither side had ever fought in a battle in their lives, there was mass confusion. The Rebels were defeating the Federals position one after another, but the Union commander, Ulysses S. Grant , ordered for his troops to block the sunken road, in which the Confederates were traveling on, no matter what.Shots were fired at the Federals, but it did not faze them, at least not until the Confederate army obtained sixty-two cannons and started firing them at point black range down the sunken road.Soon after that monstrosity, the Union troops were forced to surrender.

Supply Chain Strategy of Seven Eleven Japan Essays

Supply Chain Strategy of Seven Eleven Japan Essays Supply Chain Strategy of Seven Eleven Japan Essay Supply Chain Strategy of Seven Eleven Japan Essay The case study reports about the Supply Chain Strategy of Seven Eleven Japan (SEED the largest convenient store operator and franchiser In Japan. Seven Eleven Japan provides several helpful understanding about cleaving supply chain strategic fit In the convenient store industry. In this industry, responsiveness of the supply chain is the most important factor. Firstly, SEE has a set of facilities that are strategically responsive. Its facilities are decentralized in terms of both location and capacity. The report also discusses about the benefits and risks involved. Secondly, Sees transportation system is not only relatively efficient but also responsive and capable of rapid-replenishment. The system is a cross-docking transportation model with goods flow through distribution centers. Advantages as well disadvantages of the model are discussed. Thirdly, SEE invested in a powerful Information system that allows rapid and efficient communication. Point of sales data are utilized to bring about a competitive advantage and a smooth cooperation of with suppliers. Features, benefits and risks associated with the system have also been discussed. Fourthly, SEE practices an Inventory management strategy that place great Importance on freshness and choose to reduce flow time instead of holding more inventory to be responsive. Heretofore, ten report Alehouses tout ten recent moves AT s duplicate the supply chain structure in the United States. CASE BACKGROUND 1. 1 Seven Eleven Japan (SEE) SEE is the largest operator and franchiser of convenient stores in Japan. Since its establishment in November 1973, SEE has been growing quickly. By July 2007, SEE has 11,704 stores in Japan. In July 2007, 7-Eleven also became worlds largest retail chain store with more than 32,000 stores all over the world . 1. 2 Purpose This case study, by examine the supply chain strategies of SEE, aims to offer understandings about supply chain strategies in the convenient store industry. With those understandings, several insights about how to achieve strategic fit in this industry can be gained. 1. 3 Strategic Fit in the convenient store industry To achieve strategic fit in this industry, firms must understand the customer needs, demand uncertainty and supply chain capabilities. After that, firms must develop and erect their strategy to fit with the requirements from customer and the supply chain. Below are some characteristics in customer needs and supply chain requirements in this industry. Batch size: Usually small to medium Response time that customer can tolerate: Medium to short. Customers usually expect to conveniently get the item they want in short time Variety: Moderately important Service Level: Medium to high Price: Higher than large supermarkets and wholesale malls Product innovation: moderately important 2. FACILITIES Apparently, in the convenient store industry, responsiveness is a key factor of the supply chain. Moreover, SEE places much more emphasis on the freshness of the produce it sells. Therefore, SEE facilities were designed to support a high level of responsiveness. 2. 1 Location In terms of location, it is easy to notice that SEE locates its stores extremely close to the customers to be responsive. For example, 48% of Sees customers live within 500 meters from the stores, and 63% within 1000 meters. 53% of customers come by less than five minutes of walk or drive . In order to achieve that short distance from its customers, SEE had to develop a dense distribution network. Stores are managed through a system of clusters. There are around 50 to 60 stores in a cluster. Stores in a cluster are concentrated closely to each other in specific areas in a market dominance strategy. A typical Sees Store serves an area within 500 meters radius of it. As stated in its 1994 annual report, the market dominance strategy offers several benefits such as higher efficiency of the system, brand awareness or competitive strength. I Nat Is ten reason winy although Is ten strongest convenient store in Japan, it has covered only 70% of Japan prefectures. 2. Capacity Although the number of SKU that SEE keep is not high, its facilities are highly Dragon palpable. Sees stores are small facilities (average area of 1200 square feet) capable of stocking only around 3,000 stock keeping units (SKIS) while large supermarkets can store more than 100,000 Skis. However, as said above, Sees stores form a dense network of 50 to 60 stores per area. That helps boost the capacity of SEE stores many times. In other words, the small scale of one SEE store is to serve a very small area (500 meters radius), which is not more than the capacity of the store. More importantly, a massive collection of such small stores in a specific area has created a huge capacity for the network. Furthermore, the variety of product this system can process is also extended when SEE places great emphasis on freshness and continuously change its product mix. SEE replaces about half of its 3,000 SKU each year. Goods are retired as soon as sales decline. With such high capacity clusters, it can be concluded that the degree of utilization is not maximized. Low degree of utilization reduces lead-time and minimizes disruption delay. Obviously, cost of the goods is higher with low utilization, however the benefits of the market dominance strategy seems to be able to offset the cost incurred. Therefore, it can be said that SEE has implemented decentralization not only in its location and distribution but also in its capacity. The high responsiveness of SEE is also reflected through a relatively small order size from the stores and high level of customer service. The small batch size is due to the limited space available in an SEE Store. That is also a reason for the introduction of the Sods. Everyday small orders from the stores are transmitted, consolidated and delivered in full truckloads from the CDC to every store. Deliveries are made many times a day, keeping the items rest and sufficient thus offering great service level. 2. 3 CONCLUSION Sees facilities are truly responsiveness driven. What SEE is doing with its facilities configuration are match with the strategic direction that a convenient store supply chain should take. SEE facilities have been decentralized in terms of both location and capacity to be closer to the customer and offers higher responsiveness. Small batch size and continuously changing product mixed integrated in the facilities are other factors that improve responsiveness. Sees facilities have been doing a great Job to be expensive and be next to customers wherever they need it. However, it is important to notice some risks associate with those practices. For example, the strategy of decentralization and market dominance may not be efficient. Especially when the market is not so populated like it is in Japanese cities. Moreover, locating the stores too close to each other may caused certain amount of centralization. Besides, customers in this case may not buy from one store consistently but change from store to store over time. That may contribute to the inaccuracy of demand forecasting of stores. Sees transportation has been successful. It has achieved a high level of responsiveness yet an acceptable level of efficiency. 3. 1 Design of transportation network Unlike a conventional Japanese Distribution system, SEE does not allow direct store delivery in Japan but executes a Joint Delivery Program in which its products must flow through the Distribution Centers (DC). As can be seen from Figure 1 (Appendix 1), after receiving orders from the store managers and starting production to fulfill the orders, the suppliers begin to deliver the products to the designated Dos. Manufacturers and wholesalers are assigned certain areas to deliver the products. After the items have reached Dos, they will be sorted out by stores and delivered in a full truck to the stores. Another important factor that helps reduce the lead-time and number of deliveries further is the temperature-based Joint delivery system. In this system, Sees products are grouped into 4 groups of different temperature. Products that are in the same temperature group will then be handled and distributed in the same truck. The above transportation process is usually managed by third party delivery companies. SEE keeps close communication with the delivery company. Distribution schedules are also planned carefully. The number of deliveries made in a day depends on the freshness requirement of the items. For example, rice balls are delivered 3 times a day. The timing of the deliveries are communicated with the logistic party and must be followed (with 10 minutes error). The Joint delivery program has brought to SEE many benefits. Firstly, with the density of the SEE stores, direct delivery may result in inefficiency. It requires many trucks going through many routes and different trucks from different suppliers have to arrive at the stores many times. By designating a destination to consolidate the incoming items, SEE can reduce he number of deliveries per day. Moreover, with the introduction of the temperature-based system, deliveries per day are further cut down to 11 per day. Before the implementation the 2 methods of operation, the average number of deliveries to each store was 70 per day. The number of trips decreases means transportation cost and communication cost are cut down; and the system is more efficient. Secondly, the limited space of the Sees stores requires deliveries in smaller batch size. Therefore, if SEE use direct store deliveries, the cost for transporting many small batches may increase sharply yet may not be reliable. Consolidating the orders for each store solves this problem effectively. SEE can have a reliable delivery schedule with minimal number of trips. Moreover, delivering in full truckloads also improves the efficiency of the system. Besides, ordering lead-time is also reduced by a great amount. For direct store delivery, since different trucks of different suppliers for different types of items have to arrive one by one at the same store, more time is spent on Just loading, unloading, checking and communicating between them and the stores. The risk for traffic delay will also be minimized if the number of trips to tortes decreases. An important feature of the Joint delivery program is that the Dos do not hold inventory. Dos in this case are Just designated points of pick and pack to consolidate the orders of Sees Stores. Therefore, the system helps SEE reduce cost of holding inventory significantly. 3. 2 Choice of transportation mode Apart Trot ten eagles AT transportation network, Tells can also conclave responsiveness in the choice of transportation mode. Using faster and usually more expensive modes of transport is a way to improve responsiveness. Another way to be more responsive is to diversify the modes of transportation. For example, SEE has included motorcycles, ships and helicopters to diversify its transportation portfolio. Diversification helps reduce the risk of breakdowns caused by disruption in certain mode of travel. The drawback is that extra cost may incur to maintain and operate the portfolio. 3. 3 Conclusion The implementation of Dos system has streamlined the transportation of SEE sharply. It has provided cost savings through elimination of inventory holding cost. Besides, and more importantly, it makes the distribution system of SEE more responsive and flexible by utilizing faster and cheaper routing and accelerated product flow. Generally, there are still risks associated with the strategy of micro-matching supply and demand using rapid replenishment like what SEE is doing. Firstly, rapid replenishment may be expensive, thus it can hurt firms profit margin. Secondly, risks can come from the uncertainty of the traffic condition. More importantly, for rapid replenishment and delivery on demand, one disruption event can even affect the whole area. Thirdly, the threat may as well come from competition. For example, if a store is located next to a large supermarket that is efficiency driven and can offer cheaper price, then the SEE stores may lose sales. Similarly, if SEE choose to sell products of which demand is too elastic, SEE may not be able to compete. Lastly, micro-matching demand and supply can be efficient and lean, but demand can sometimes fluctuate largely and SEE may fail to predict such changes. For examples, during festivals, social events, or natural disasters SEE may not be able to react quickly because of the fluctuations in demand and the limited stock kept in the stores. As for direct store delivery (ADDS), it can still hold true in some situations. For example, ADDS can be used in the areas that do not have many stores concentrated. Moreover, for items that are bulky, heavy or expensive, ADDS might be a good choice because extra handling activities (loading, unloading, security, quality assurance ) are costly. 4. INFORMATION Information is one the most effective tools of SEE to improve its responsiveness. It connects effectively the stages of the SEE supply chain and provides valuable insights on demand and strategic operations. 4. 1 Information System An illustration of Sees information system is shown in the Appendix 2. As can be seen from the Appendix 2, the hardware configuration of SEE includes several main components. Store Computer (SC) SC is the center of the store Information System (IS). It connects to the KIDS, Electric Order System, Graphic Order Terminal and Scanner Terminal. It can track store inventory, sales, orders and analyze POS data. Integrated Services Digital Network (KIDS) KIDS is an information network that links several thousand stores. KIDS provides a 2- way and high-speed channel of communication, which has significant impacts on the process of collection and analysis of POS data as well as feedback gathering. Scanner learn CSS streamline the process of inventory management by helping store managers check orders. Graphic Order Terminal (GOT) GOT is a tool to place orders and maintain access to a detailed analysis of POS data at the same time for ordering insights. 4. 2 Information Collection The above hardware setting has to collect all the POS data. Moreover, the staffs also collect gender and estimated age of the customers. After collected, POS data are analyzed to find out useful information such as hourly sales trend for individual items, scrap trend analysis, stockpot ranking, sales trends for new product and hourly sales trend by customer profile. Such complete information system helps create much more responsiveness for the stores. For example, the analysis of hourly sales trend by items and by customer profile can help a store manager determine which type of customer buy what at what time. With the information in mind, the store manager can order differently throughout the day, or can rearrange the products on the shelves many times a day. Moreover, the ordering process is also streamlined significantly. After collected, the POS data are analyzed by the store computer and ordering insights are offered. The orders are transmitted to the suppliers within 3 hours. . 3 Push versus Pull Clearly, Sees supply chain is more like a pull system. And Sees information system purports the pull strategy effectively. For example, ordering process is streamlined so that an order, after being analyzed from the POS data, can reach the suppliers in 3 hours on average. Information travels both upward and downward quickly enough for the pull strategy. 4. 4 Coordination and information sharing Information sharing is also an important strategy that SEE relies on to be more responsive. Data about life of products or hourly sales of the new products are used to determine the product mix of a store. SEE also actively shares information with the suppliers to suggest them on product development strategies. Many of Sees manufacturers now rely on the information shared and tend to work with SEE before the launch of a new product. Suggestions about the changing taste of the customers are sometimes crucial to new product development to anticipate the changing demand. 4. 5 Forecasting Because of the huge amount of data collected and the short ordering lead-time, Sees stores forecast frequently but over very short period. Therefore, the accuracy of the forecast is improved. 4. Enabling Technologies SEE invested heavily in its IS, the goal is to streamline the operations and obtain valuable insights to be more responsive. For example, with the use of Scanner Terminals, delivery time is now sharply shortened because delivery trucks do not have to wait for store managers to check the goods. 4. 7 Conclusion SEE is a good example of firm taking advantage of modern technology to streamline their processes and become more responsive. A pull strategy is most likely responsive; however, it must be supported with information technology so that the orders can be processed in a very short period. Frequently collected and analyzed information also allows a closer forecast horizon and thus more accurate. Firms can also De more responsive Dye snarling International Walt suppliers to anticipate Ana attics customer demand more effectively. However, there are risks involved in this strategy. Firstly, a pull system might not be able to deal with great fluctuation in demand for example, during social events, festivals or natural disaster. Secondly, usually the investment in IS is not low and without strong capital position and profitable prospect, firms may not benefits enough from this investment.

Comparison Personal Statement Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Comparison - Personal Statement Example In addition, the Guardian reported that more than 50 million people had sufficiently prepared for the storm courtesy of early evacuation measures (Goldenberg). Moreover, emergency response teams of almost 5,000 personnel had been put in place the United States Air force and National Guard. In comparison with the Japanese Tohoku earthquake and Tsunami, the effects were far more devastating compared to Hurricane Sandy. Foremost, the casualties were more than 22,000 with thousands more reported missing. Furthermore, the economic costs were estimated to be over $300 billion (Choate). Over and above this, the tsunami had affected the nuclear power plant in Fukushima causing a meltdown. Among the lessons drawn included the failure to anticipate the occurrence of a high magnitude quake of 9.0 (Moskowitz). To this end, it should be noted the U.S early warning systems had anticipated a life threatening storm of with extensive ramifications. Moreover, the early warning system in Japan did not effectively reach all persons in the coastal towns due to a disruption in power. Moreover, the timing of the early warning system was late in conveying the threat of the tsunami in time following the massive earthquake. In addition, the nuclear meltdown occurred due to the underestimation of the sea walls built. To this effect, the sea walls built were only 25 feet in length since the government did not anticipate that any future tsunami would rise as high as 30 feet. Based on the two scenarios, it is quite evident that future disaster preparedness should always be planned through the anticipation of highly catastrophic disasters. In this respect, early warning systems should be updated beyond the contemporary, conventional detection mechanisms. Furthermore, in recognition of the loss of private property, governments of disaster prone countries should device an welfare scheme for persons adversely affected in

Analysis of Virtual Distance Learning Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Analysis of Virtual Distance Learning - Essay Example To this effect, it can best be answered that distance learning will not face out the traditional classroom, though elements of these two modules are likely to be fused to enhance learning standards in both models. The wider pool of intelligentsia which comprises students and lecturers, college departmental heads, and education policymakers serves as the wider audience. The paper specifically intends to win over those who are postulating that since virtual/ distance learning is becoming increasingly popular, it will elbow out into inexistence, the traditional mode of learning. The lecturers supervising this paper and the heads of department form the basic audience. The secondary audience is made up of those who may later refer to this academic piece later. Students, lecturers, education policymakers and researchers from the secondary audience. This means that the audience is complicated since it is trifurcate of those who may endorse the position statement, those who may repudiate it, and the neutral parties. Above all, the audience is part of the intelligentsia. This means that the paper or the argument must be above partisanship, logical fallacies, and factual inaccuracies. First and foremost, fusing traditional classes with elements of e-learning will be helpful in ensuring a comprehensive and concise coverage of the topic being covered. For instance, having a traditional classroom watch an excerpt of Noam Chomsky’s illustration of Universal Grammar will greatly help in inculcating concepts needed by the second language acquisition class. Elements of virtual learning can also be used by students of the traditional model of learning for further referencing and extensive learning. This is especially the case when virtual learning materials are availed in libraries of traditional teaching models.

Intrusion Detection System Using Node-Predictive Attack

Intrusion Detection System Using Node-Predictive Attack Intrusion Detection System Using Node-Predictive Attack Graph Model for Cloud Ambikavathi C Dr.S.K.Srivatsa Abstract- The role of Intrusion Detection System (IDS) in security world is considered as a key requirement for any computing model. This traditional methodology can add its own contribution of security to the distributed Cloud environment. The purpose of this paper is to clarify the steps that are needed to be taken in order to efficiently implement the IDS in cloud environment. The proposed system uses node predictive attack graph to correlate the newly occurred attacks with known attacks. The prediction steps are used to later monitor the environment and control the attacks. Keywords-Attack Graph; Cloud Computing; IDS ,; I. INTRODUCTION A. What is Cloud computing? Cloud computing is â€Å"a model for enabling convenient, on-demand network access to a shared pool of configurable computing resources (e.g., networks, servers, storage, applications, and services) that can be rapidly provisioned and released with minimal management effort or service provider interaction†[1]. This cloud model is co mposed of three service models, four deploy ment models and five essential characteristics . The three service models are So ftware as a Service (SaaS), Platfo rm as a Se rvice (PaaS) and Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS). The four deployment models are private cloud, public cloud, hybrid cloud and community cloud. The five essential characteristics of cloud are on-demand self-service, broad network access, resource pooling, rapid elasticity and measured service. B. What is IDS? Intrusion detection systems are software or hardware systems that automate the process of monitoring the events occurring in a computer system or network, analyzing them for malicious activities or policy violations and produces reports to a management station. IDSs a rehost-based, network-based and distributed IDSs. Hos t based IDS (HIDS) monitors specific host machines, network-based IDS (NIDS) identifies intrusions on key network points and distributed IDS (DIDS) operates both on host as well as network [7]. IDS can be a valuable addition to the security arsenal. IDS performs the following functionalities : Monitoring and analyzing both user and system activities .Analyzing system configurations and vulnerabilities .Assessing system and file integrity.Ability to recognize patterns typical of attacks.Analysis of abnormal activity patterns.Tracking user policy violations.The extensive use of virtualization in implementing cloud infrastructure brings unique security concerns for customers or tenants of a public cloud service. Virtualization alters the relationship between the OS and underlying hardware. This introduces an additional layer virtualization that itself must be properly configured, managed and secured. Specific concerns include the potential to compromise the virtualization software, or hypervisor. So virtual machine security is essential in cloud environment. C. Attack Graph Attack graphs are used to determine how vulnerable their systems are and to determine what security measures to deploy to defend their systems. In the predictive attack graph, a node represents a host and an edge represents vulnerability. The predictive attack graph representation accurately forecasts the effect of removing vulnerabilities by removing edges from the attack graph. The predictive attack graph is the full attack graph with redundant paths removed. A path is considered redundant if the path contains the same vulnerability-host pair in two or mo replaces along the same attack path. In node predictive attack graph, a node can be host or a group of hosts, and an edge can be vulnerability or a group of vulnerabilities. The node predictive attack graph is a simplified version of the predictive attack graph. The node predictive attack graph’s purpose is to mitigate the effects of â€Å"firewall explosion.† Firewall explosion causes redundancy in the predictive gr aph. Thus, the node predictive attack graph mitigates this issue by merging nodes of the attack graph. Two nodes are merged if the attacker can compromise the two hosts from all hosts the attacker has already compromised. [16] Rest of the paper is organized as follows. Section II discusses about the related work done. Proposed system is described briefly in section III. Section IV, presents the implementation part of EIDS and section V concludes with references at the end. II. RELATED WORK In this section, we present related research to our proposed work: Intrusion detection in cloud and attack graph models. A. Anomaly based IDS Anomaly or behavior based detection [7] refers to techniques that define and characterize normal or acceptable behaviors of the system (e.g., CPU usage, job execution time , system ca lls). Behaviors that deviate fro m the expected normal behavior are considered intrusions. Generation of high false alarms is the major drawback of this type which leads to low detection efficiency. But it is able to detect new attack patterns. Here, Input parameter selection and analysis of ciphered data are tedious processes . It attains low throughput but high cost. Metrics and frame work to evaluate this IDS and compare with alternate IDS techniques is in need. Also it is poor in defending themselves from attacks. To avoid false alarms in anomaly based systems the system must be trained to create the appropriate user profiles. It requires extensive training to characterize normal behavior patterns. B. Signature based I DS Signature or Misuse based detection refers to techniques that characterize known methods to penetrate a system. These penetrations are characterized as a ‘pattern’ or a ‘signature’ that the IDS looks for. The pattern/signature might be a static string or a set sequence of actions[9]. It can only detect known attacks. Frequent updation is needed in the database for signatures of new attacks. The advantages of this IDS are, it generates less number of false alarms. A single signature can detect a group of attacks. It does not require extensive training. C. Fuzzy based IDS Fuzzy logic can be used to deal with inexact description of intrusions. It provides some flexibility to the uncertain problem of intrusion detection. Fuzzy logic techniques[5] are used for classification techniques. The classification algorithm is applied to audit data collected which learns to classify new audit data as normal or abnormal data. It allows greater complexity for IDS while it provides some flexibility to the uncertain problem of IDS. Most fuzzy IDS require human intervention to determine fuzzy sets and set of fuzzy rules . D. Artificial Neural Network based The goal of using ANNs for intrusion detection[5] is to be able to generalize data from incomplete data and to be able to classify data as being normal or intrusive. It is best because of it’s self learning capabilities , quick processing and can find small behaviour deviations. But it’s downside is it requires more tra ining sa mples and time consuming. E. Data Mining based IDS Some intrusion attacks are formed based on known attacks or variant of known attacks. To detect such signatures or attacks, signature apriori algorithm can be used, which finds frequent subset (containing some features of original attack) of given attack set. In Cloud, association rules can be used to generate new signatures. Using newly generated signatures, variations of known attacks can be detected in real time[5]. F. Profile based IDS In VM profile based IDS[12], a profile is created for each virtual machine in cloud that describes network behavior of each clouduser. The behavior gathered is then used for detection of network attacks on cloud. It detects the attacks early with robustness and minimum complexity. G. Entropy based IDS Entropy is, in general, used for measuring the data’s degree of impurity using a Threshold value. Entropy based anomaly detection system[14] is mainly proposed to prevent DDoS attacks. This is done in two steps. First users are allowed to pass through a router in network site. It detects for legitimate user using detection algorithm. Second again it passes through a router in cloud site. In this methodology confirmation algorithm is incorporated to detect the intruder by checking a threshold value. H. Multithreaded IDS Multithreading technique improves IDS performance within Cloud computing environment to handle large number of data packet flows. The proposed multi-threaded NIDS[8][4] is based on three modules named: capture module, analysis module and reporting module. The first one is responsible of capturing data packets and sending them to analysis part which analyzes them efficiently through matching against pre-defined set of rules and distinguishes the bad packets to generate alerts. Finally, the reporting module can read alerts and immediately prepare alert report. The authors conducted simulation experiments to show the effectiveness of their proposed method and compared it with single thread which presented high performance in terms of processing and execution time. However, the problem of detecting new types of attacks still needs many works to be done. I. Integrated model IDS It uses the combination two or more o f above techniques. It is advantageous since each technique has some advantages and drawbacks. Grid and Cloud Computing Intrusion Detection System (GCCIDS)[10] proposed the integration of knowledge and behavior analysis to detect specific intrusions. However, the proposed prototype cannot discover new types of attacks or create an attack database which must be considered during implementing IDS. A new integrated intrusion detection approach, called FCA NN[13] is proposed based on ANN and fuzzy clustering. Through fuzzy clustering technique, the heterogeneous training set is divided to several homogenous subsets. Thus complexity of each sub training set is reduced and consequently the detection performance is increased. J. Graph based IDS A graph is constructed in which nodes represent state of attack and edges represent the correlations between attacks. Queue graph, Dependency graph and Attack graph are the existing works done on IDS. To prevent vulnerable virtual machines from be ing compromised in the cloud, a multiphase distributed vulnerability detection, measurement, and countermeasure selection mechanism called NICE[2] is proposed, which is built on attack graph-based analytical models and reconfigurable virtual network-based countermeasures. III. PROP OSED WORK In this section, we describe how to construct and utilize node predictive attack graph model to handle vulnerabilities in cloud environ ment. Any attack has some set of predefined steps to incorporate it. An attack can only be accomplished when all its pre-conditions are met [11]. So that by keen monitoring the attack can be prevented. An attack graph is an abstraction that represents the ways an attacker can violate a security policy by leveraging interdependencies among discovered vulnerabilities. An attack graph can be generated from network configuration details and known vulnerabilities within the network. An attack path is a sequence of steps that starts from an attacker’s initial state to the attacker’s goal state (security policy violation) in an attack graph. Every virtual machine has it’s own logfile for recording the actions of that virtual machine. Th is logfile along with the knowledge base provides information for constructing attack graph. Fig. 1. Proposed Architecture IV. IMPLEMENTATION EIDS is implemented using Openebula[15] and OSSIM (Open Source – Security Information Management)[3] which comprises of traffic analyzers, vulnerability scanners. OS-SIM is embedded as a virtual mach ine in the c loud environment. The ro le of this virtual machine is to monitor all other virtual machines running in the environment. OSSIM provides a Security Information and Event Management (SIEM) solution. It is a one-stop solution and integrated the open source software’s NTOP, Mrtg, Snort, Open VAS, and Nmap. OSSIM is a cost effective solution in the area of monitoring network health and security of network/hosts compared to other propriety products[6]. A. Attack Analyzer Attack Analyzer is built on the top the traffic Analyzer of OS-SIM. It uses each virtual machine’s logfile to analyze and extract attack trace steps. Whenever an attack occurs it is added to the attack graph as a node along with its state and correlation function is invoked. Attack Graph Attack Graph Generator Alert System Knowledge Base Attack Analyzer B. Correlation function Correlation function correlates this new attack with known attacks and gives the prediction steps for this attack. These prediction steps for each attack are used to monitor the further attacks in future. C. Attack Graph Generator Each node in the graph defines an attack and the edge between nodes represent the correlation between that two attacks. V. CONCLUSION Defending distributed environment is difficult. Always prevention is better than cure. Prediction of Intrusions in prior enhances the security of cloud environment. So that predictive attack graph model is chosen for providing security to the distributed cloud environment. At any point the known attacks are correlated with each other to predict new attacks. REFERENCES: [1] NIST (National Institute of Standards and Technology ) http://csrc.nist.gov/p ublications/nistp ubs/800-145/SP800-145.p df [2] Chun-Jen Chung, Pankaj Khatkar, Tiany i Xing Jeongkeun Lee, Dijian g Huan g, â€Å"NICE: Network Intrusion Detection and Countermeasure Selection in Virtual Network Systems†, IEEE Transactions On Dependable And Secure Computing, Vol. 10, No. 4, pp. 198 – 211, July /August 2013. [3] â€Å"OSSIM †, https://www.alienvault.com/ [4] Ms. Parag K. Shelke, M s. Sneha Sontakke, Dr. A. D. Gawande, â€Å"Intrusion Detection Sy stem for Cloud Comp uting†, International Journal of Scientific Technology Research Volume 1, Issue 4, M ay 2012. [5] M odi, C., Patel, D., Patel, H., Borisaniy a, B., Patel, A. Rajarajan, M ., â€Å"A survey of intrusion detection techniques in Cloud†, Journal of Network and Computer App lications. [6] â€Å"OSSIM †, http ://www.op ensourceforu.com/2014/02 /top -10-op en-source-security -tools/ [7] Amirreza Zarrabi, Alireza Zarrabi, â€Å"Internet Intrusion Detection Sy stem Service in a Cloud† IJCSI International Journal of Computer Science Issues, Vol. 9, Issue 5, No 2, Sep tember 2012. [8] I. Gul and M . Hussain, â€Å"Distributed Cloud Intrusion Detection M odel†, International Journal of Advanced Science and Technology, vol. 34, pp. 71-82, 2011. [9] R. Bhadauria, R. Chaki, N. Chak i, and S. Sany al â€Å"A Survey on Secur ity Issues in Cloud Comp uting†, Available at: http ://arxiv.org/abs/1109.5388 [10] K. Vieira, A. Schulter, C.B. Westp hall, and C.M . Westphall, â€Å"Intrusion Detection for Grid and Cloud comp uting†, IT Professional, Volume: 12 Issue: 4, p p. 38-43, 2010. [11] X. Ou and A. Singhal, â€Å"Quantitative Secur ity Risk Assessment of Enterp rise Networks†, Sp ringerBriefs in Comp uter Scien ce, DOI 10.1007/978-1-4614-1860-3_2,  © The Author(s) 2012 [12] Sanchik a Gupta, Padam Kumar and Ajith Abraham, â€Å"A Profile Based Network Intrusion Detection and Prevention System for Secur in g Cloud Env ironment†, International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks, Feb 2013 [13] Swati Ramteke, Rajesh Dongare, Ko mal Ramteke, â€Å"Intrusion Detection System for Cloud Network Using FC-ANN Algorithm†, Int. Journal of Advanced R esearch in Comp uter and Communication En gineeringVo l. 2, Issue 4, April 2013. [14] A.S.Sy ed Navaz, V.San geetha, C.Prabhadevi, â€Å"Entropy based Anomaly Detection System to Prevent DDoS Attacks in Cloud†, Int. Journal of Computer Applications (0975 – 8887) Volume 62– No.15, January 2013 [15] â€Å"Op ennebula†, http ://opennebula.org [16] Nwokedi C. Idika, â€Å"Characterizin g and A ggregating Attack Grap h-based Security M etrics†, CERIAS Tech Rep ort 2010